Spatial distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of Paraná, Brazil

Abstract

The geographic distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) makes it a disease of major clinical importance in Brazil, where it is endemic in the state of Paraná. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of CL in Paraná between 2001 and 2015, based on data from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Information System for Notifiable Diseases) regarding autochthonous CL cases. Spatial autocorrelation was performed using Moran’s Global Index and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA). The construction of maps was based on categories of association (high-high, low-low, high-low, and low-high). A total of 4,557 autochthonous cases of CL were registered in the state of Paraná, with an annual average of 303.8 (± 135.2) and a detection coefficient of 2.91. No correlation was found between global indices and their respective significance in 2001 (I = -0.456, p = 0.676), but evidence of spatial autocorrelation was found in other years (p< 0.05). In the construction and analysis of the cluster maps, areas with a high-high positive association were found in the Ivaí-Pirapó, Tibagi, Cinzas-Laranjinha, and Ribeira areas. The state of Paraná should keep a constant surveillance over CL due to the prominent presence of socioeconomic and environmental factors such as the favorable circumstances for the vectors present in peri-urban and agriculture áreas.

Profile of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in transmission areas in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2007 to 2017

“…The MCA results showed that the peri-urban zone of infection was related to the municipalities that presented moderate to a high number of ATL cases. These results agree with those described in the manual of ATL surveillance [7] and with those of the survey conducted in 2017 [26], which considered the peri-urban zone an important infection area for the disease. Moreover, the literature suggests that the adaptation of the phlebotomine subfamily and anthropic activities that impact the environment are responsible for ATL transmission in the peri-domestic environment.…”

Epidemiological profile of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Manhuaçu, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…This study confirms the higher incidence of ATL in people aged 20 to 59 years, this result is similar to those found by Melo et al (2017). The high percentage of cases in this age group and male individuals is related to the work performed in rural areas.…”

“…where people are usually close to secondary vegetation and remaining forests, which also favours the disease transmission (BRASIL, 2013, MELO et al, 2017. Leishmaniasis is endemic in Brazil, and the close proximity of populations in the rural areas to the wildlife, especially mammals, makes it a broader reservoir for the parasite (PASSOS et al, 1993).…”

“…The high percentage of cases in this age group and male individuals is related to the work performed in rural areas. Manhuaçu is considered among the six largest coffee producers in the country, so the working population in rural areas is in environments with the highest reproduction of the vector (BORGES et al, 2009;IBGE, 2017b Melo et al (2017) and Temponi et al (2018). These findings point to a need for a more tight epidemiological surveillance aimed at preventing the disease in people in the risk group.…”

Doenças infecciosas e parasitárias no Brasil de 2010 a 2017: aspectos para vigilância em saúde

“…O uso de ferramentas de análise espacial em saúde pública ajuda a fomentar a discussão sobre o espaço e a heterogeneidade dos fenômenos populacionais nele distribuídos, auxiliando no reconhecimento de áreas com características socioambientais mais semelhantes entre si e identificando locais de maior vulnerabilidades e risco à saúde (4,5). Em razão da importância da distinção de áreas prioritárias para ações em saúde pública, o presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar um método simples, desenvolvido para identificar áreas críticas quanto à incidência de doenças infecciosas e parasitárias selecionadas, analisando a associação ecológica entre a ocorrência dessas doenças e indicadores de pobreza no Brasil.…”