Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of EAS with Delayed Particles.

Abstract

The Extensive Air Showers (EAS) with delayed particles have been detected by the Horizon-10T experiment, located at the elevation of 3346 m above sea level near the city of Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan. Among these EAS with delayed particles there were events that had signals with two distinct pulses (maximums or modes). Such pulses we call bimodal, and showers-bimodal events. This article presents the study of the properties of only bimodal events and comparison of these properties with the EAS that were simulated using the CORSIKA software package. This thorough comparison has shown that bimodal events cannot be explained only by known physical processes taking place in electron-hadron showers.

Multi-Modal Clustering Events Observed by Horizon-10T and Axion Quark Nuggets

“…This section is devoted to the first part of our story where we describe the MME observations [1][2][3][4][5] and argue why the observed events are inconsistent with conventional CR interpretation, while the next Section 3 is devoted to the second part of our story, the AQN dark matter model.…”

“…If a typical time scale τ deposit to deposit a specific amount of energy (let us say, 1 GeV) determined by (6) is longer than the time scale τ cool to release the same amount of energy, i.e., τ deposit τ cool than a continuous cooling process takes place and the temperature slowly decreases. This is a thermodynamically equilibrium behaviour which can be analyzed using conventional technical tools 4 .…”

“…In this work we discuss two naively unrelated stories. The first one deals with the recent puzzling observations [1][2][3][4][5] by the Horizon-10T (H10T) collaboration of the Multi-Modal Events (MME).…”

“…In what follows we overview the observation [1][2][3][4][5] by emphasizing the puzzling nature of these events if interpreted as conventional EAS events. At the same time the same observations can be explained in very natural way if interpreted in terms of the AQN annihilation events as we shall argue in this work.…”

“…Our presentation is organized as follows. In next Section 2 we explain why the observation [1][2][3][4][5] listed as 1-4 puzzles are very mysterious events if interpreted as conventional EAS events. In Section 3 we give a brief overview of the AQN framework with emphasize on the key elements relevant for the present studies.…”