Spatial and seasonal variability of the water quality characteristics of a river in Northeast Brazil

Cruz, M. A. S.; Gonçalves, Amanda de Azevedo; Aragão, Ricardo de; Amorim, J. R. A. de; Mota, P. V. M. da; Srinivasan, Vajapeyan S.; Garcia, Carlos Alexandre Borges; Figueiredo, Eduardo E. De

doi:10.1007/s12665-019-8087-5

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…All concentrations in mg/l, except temperature: (°C); and EC (µS/cm) DGW deep groundwater obtained from boreholes, SGW shallow groundwater obtained from dug wells 2005Versluys index (Vi) Na/(Na + Ca + Mg) Versluys (1916) The null hypothesis of the test is that all k distribution functions are equal. The alternative hypothesis is that at least one of the observations tends to yield larger values than at least one of the other observations (Cruz et al 2019;Montcoudiol et al 2019;Morris et al 2019). Results obtained show that there was no significant difference in TDS, K + , Ca 2+ , and Cu 2+ concentrations between shallow and deep groundwater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Prior to this, a nonparametric test (Kruskal-Wallis) was used to test whether there is a significant difference in groundwater composition between shallow and deep groundwater sources, using several samples ANOVA (Table 4). This method allows for comparing several independent random samples and can be used as a nonparametric substitute to the one-way ANOVA (Cruz et al 2019;Montcoudiol et al 2019;Morris et al 2019). The Kruskal-Wallis test statistic for k samples, each of size n i is defined viz:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrochemical characterization of shallow and deep groundwater in Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi State, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria

et al. 2019

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Groundwater under Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi has been characterized in order to determine its suitability for drinking and irrigation use. Water samples were drawn from shallow groundwater (hand-dug shallow wells < 5 m) and deep groundwater (boreholes > 40 m). Physical parameters (i.e., temperature, TDS, pH, and EC), were determined in situ, using handheld meters. Discrete water samples were obtained for determination of chemical parameters. Results from severalsample ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test) suggested that heterogeneity in water table appeared to exert significant influence on groundwater chemistry which is characterized by a significant difference in pH, EC TH, Na + , Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , PO 4 3− , Cl − , HCO 3 − , SO 4 2− , and NO 3 − concentrations. Also, ions including Fe 3+ , Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , PO 4 3− , and SO 4 2− are above World Health Organization (2011) and National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (2007) reference guidelines. Most of the groundwater sources are moderately hard. Groundwater classification based on chloride, EC, and TDS revealed water of excellent quality for all types of uses. However, groundwater classification based on nitrate pollution revealed water of poor quality. Rock mineral is the major mechanism controlling water chemistry, as revealed by the Gibbs model. Most of the water sources have positive Scholler index, indicative of overall base exchange reactions in the underlying aquifers. Such condition was well explained by Piper trilinear diagram, which revealed two types of faces: Ca-Mg-HCO 3 and Ca-Mg-SO 4-Cl. The HCA categorized wells into three groups according to their hydrogeochemical physiognomies. Despite the significant difference in ions concentration and chemical indices, groundwater composition is more influenced by rock weathering than anthropogenic inputs. Groundwater evaluation for irrigation use indicates a significant difference in SAR level which is related to poor permeability index in shallow groundwater. Higher values of Kelly's index and magnesium adsorption ratio threatened groundwater suitability for irrigation use in the study area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical characterization of shallow and deep groundwater in Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi State, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria

et al. 2019

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“…The importance of LULC, hydrological regimes, and granulometric proprieties was highlighted in the multivariate analysis, showing classes as urban/industrial and olive groves, vineyards, and orchards, fine particles of sediments, and flow (temporary regime) the main explicative factors of the presence of nutrients, organic descriptors, and potentially toxic metals in the Guadiana streams. Analysis and remarks already reported in different studies, such as at the Dan River Watershed, at China [61], at the Altamaha, and Savannah River watersheds, at State of Georgia [7], and at the Siriri River basin, Brazil [67].…”

Section: Lulc and Hydrogeomorphology Influence On The Physico-chemicamentioning

confidence: 95%

Land-Cover Patterns and Hydrogeomorphology of Tributaries: Are These Important Stressors for the Water Quality of Reservoirs in the Mediterranean Region?

Palma

Fialho

Lima

et al. 2020

Water

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Four streams in the Guadiana watershed were followed up to assess hydrogeomorphological and physicochemical characteristics, and to analyze its correlation with land use/land cover (LULC), analyzing their possible influence in reservoir water quality and possible influence in the reservoir water quality. The highest amounts of organic descriptors and nutrients were quantified in streams with the major percentage of olive groves and vineyards and urban land cover classes. Streams more influenced by agro-silvo-pastoral class presented better water quality, as this type of LULC acts as a buffer of the contamination runoff. The results highlighted that the hydrogeomorphology of the streams may influence the transfer of pollutants loads to reservoirs. Hence, in intermittent streams characterized by coarse particles in the sediment, high amounts of pollutants are accumulated when the flow ceases, and are further transported to the reservoirs when the flow retakes. On the contrary, streams with sediments characterized by a great percentage of fine particles and organic matter do not induce so much stress in reservoirs, since these allow the adsorption of nutrients and trace elements, without their transfer to reservoirs.

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“…Brazil is the country with the largest volume of freshwater reserves in the world. However, the high level of water pollution in Brazil means that many parts of the country lack the drinking water necessary to meet basic needs [106][107][108], and agricultural water runoff with high concentration of nutrients and toxic elements is the cause of this level of pollution [109][110][111]. Toxic cyanobacterial blooms have been observed in certain lagoons on the coast of Brazil [85,86,112,113], in the mouth of its rivers [114], in its reservoirs [115,116], and in other waterbodies [117].…”

Section: Transition Economiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Fertilization. A Review of the Risks Associated with the Inefficiency of Its Use and Policy Responses

2021

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Nitrogen (N) is a key input to food production. Nearly half of N fertilizer input is not used by crops and is lost into the environment via emission of gases or by polluting water bodies. It is essential to achieve production levels, which enable global food security, without compromising environmental security. The N pollution level expected by 2050 is projected to be 150% higher than in 2010, with the agricultural sector accounting for 60% of this increase. In this paper, we review the status of the pollution from N fertilizers worldwide and make recommendations to address the situation. The analysis reviews the relationship between N fertilizer use, N use efficiency, no-point pollution, the role of farmer management practices, and policy approaches to address diffuse pollution caused by N fertilization. Several studies show a lack of information as one of the main hurdles to achieve changes in habits. The objective of this study is to highlight the gravity of the current global non-point pollution as well as the need for a communication effort to make farmers aware of the relationship between their activity and N pollution and, therefore, the importance of their fertilizer management practices.

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Spatial and seasonal variability of the water quality characteristics of a river in Northeast Brazil

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

Hydrochemical characterization of shallow and deep groundwater in Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi State, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria

Hydrochemical characterization of shallow and deep groundwater in Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi State, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria

Land-Cover Patterns and Hydrogeomorphology of Tributaries: Are These Important Stressors for the Water Quality of Reservoirs in the Mediterranean Region?

Nitrogen Fertilization. A Review of the Risks Associated with the Inefficiency of Its Use and Policy Responses

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