Spatial analyses of the phylogenetic diversity of<i>Minaria</i>(Apocynaceae): assessing priority areas for conservation in the Espinhaço Range, Brazil

Ribeiro, Patrícia Luz; Rapini, Alessandro; Silva, Uiara Catharina Soares e; Konno, Tatiana Ungaretti Paleo; Damascena, Leilton Santos; Berg, Cássio van den

doi:10.1080/14772000.2012.705356

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Diversification resulted from successive contraction-expansion cycles caused by Pleistocene climatic fluctuations (e.g., [34,67,68]), as also suggested by refugial sites in different continents (e.g., [74,75]). Alternatively, highlands represent refuges for fire-sensitive lineages and diversification was driven by the expansion of fire-prone Cerrado and fragmentation of Campos Rupestres since the late Miocene-Pliocene [36]. According to this hypothesis, milder weather and a high concentration of rocky outcrops in the highlands have helped to prevent frequent, intense fires, and diversification is result of a long-term contraction of the Campos Rupestres.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CD and BCF are historical refuges for plants in two different floristic domains. CD is considered a refuge for grasslands during interglacial periods (e.g., [34,67,68]) or for firesensitive lineages after the expansion of the fire-prone Cerrado in Central Brazil [36,66], whereas BCF is a refuge for forest associated lineages [40]. These plant refuges shelter an exceptionally high PD, which is phylogenetically clustered in CD but overdispersed in BCF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Above 900 m, particularly in the south and east, the plateau is covered by rocky fields (Campos Rupestres), an open vegetation biome associated with quartzite outcrops, rich in plant species and endemisms (e.g., [34]). It is floristically influenced by seasonally dry forests from the surrounding Caatinga but is also home of palaeomicroendemics [35] and was recently postulated as a historical refuge for fire-sensitive lineages [36]. The Bahia Costal Forest (BCF) ecoregion [37] is the largest area of climatic stability in the northern block of the Atlantic Forest [38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tropical Refuges with Exceptionally High Phylogenetic Diversity Reveal Contrasting Phylogenetic Structures

Pugliesi

Rapini

2015

International Journal of Biodiversity

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Loss of phylogenetic diversity (PD) has gained increasing attention in conservation biology. However, PD is not equally distributed in a phylogeny and can be better assessed when species relatedness (phylogenetic structure: PS) is also considered. Here, we investigate PD and PS in two refuges of biodiversity in northeastern Brazil: the Bahia Costal Forest (BCF) in the Atlantic Forest domain and Chapada Diamantina (CD) in the Caatinga domain. We used geographic data of 205 species at two spatial scales and a chronogram of Apocynaceae based on matK sequences to estimate PD and PS. Our results show an exceptionally high PD in both refuges, overdispersed in BCF and clustered in CD, although this difference is less evident or absent for recent relationships, especially at a smaller spatial scale. Overall, PS suggests long-term competitive exclusion under climatic stability, currently balanced by habitat filtering, in BCF, and biome conservatism and limited dispersal leading to in situ diversification and high density of microendemics in CD. The phylogenetically clustered flora in CD, also threatened by climate changes, are naturally more vulnerable than BCF. Therefore, while in situ conservation may ensure protection of biodiversity in BCF, emergency ex situ conservation is strongly recommended in CD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tropical Refuges with Exceptionally High Phylogenetic Diversity Reveal Contrasting Phylogenetic Structures

Pugliesi

Rapini

2015

International Journal of Biodiversity

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“…However, simply tallying the number of species inhabiting a certain area is not necessarily the best measure of biological diversity. For example, an area hosting a large number of species, which are phylogenetically closely related, should receive a lower conservation priority than an area hosting a smaller number of species, which are phylogenetically distantly related (Posadas et al 2001;Strecker et al 2011;Luz Ribeiro et al 2012;Hidasi-Neto et al 2015). Phylogenetic diversity can be used as a proxy of ecological differences among species in biological assemblages, but has rarely been considered for many, if not most, organismal groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phylogenetic diversity of regional beetle faunas at high latitudes: patterns, drivers and chance along ecological gradients

2015

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Patterns in phylogenetic diversity are poorly known for many taxonomic groups, including hyperdiverse insect taxa. We contrasted patterns in the species richness and phylogenetic diversity of provincial beetle faunas in northern Europe (54°N to 71°N). We found that species richness and phylogenetic diversity varied rather predictably along ecogeographical gradients, with species richness and a proxy measure of phylogenetic diversity, average taxonomic distinctness (AvTD), decreasing from south to north and being strongly positively related to maximum temperature. A proxy measure of variation in phylogenetic diversity, variation in taxonomic distinctness (VarTD), was also strongly related to maximum temperature, but the relationship was negative. This was a novel finding, showing a reversed latitudinal gradient in biodiversity. In more than half of the provinces, AvTD value was significantly less than expected by chance. Also, more than half of the provinces showed significantly higher VarTD values than expected based on random draws of species. Our results showed that the phylogenetic diversity of beetle faunas is rather strongly associated with climatic gradients at high latitudes. Given that climatic variability and temperature extremes are correlated with phylogenetic diversity, climate change is likely to modify strongly this facet of diversity. Average phylogenetic Communicated by Dirk Sven Schmeller. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (diversity is likely to increase in the northernmost parts of the study area if climate and vegetation become more suitable for many southern beetle species. Our statistical approach to test chance expectations based on random draws of species from larger-scale species pool is highly flexible in tackling this question when true phylogenies are not available.

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“…However, to date, empirical studies have been relatively narrow in their taxonomic or geographic focus (e.g. Rosauer et al, 2009;Ribeiro et al, 2012;Gudde et al, 2013). In this study, we integrate data on phylogeny and geographical distribution of tree species of southern Africa (an area that includes Botswana, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho) and explore congruence among different facets of tree diversity in the region: species richness (SR), phylogenetic diversity (PD), phylogenetic endemism (PE), species endemism (CWE), and evolutionary distinctiveness and global endangerment (EDGE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial incongruence among hotspots and complementary areas of tree diversity in southern Africa

Daru

Bank

Davies

2014

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Biodiversity hotspots have important roles in conservation prioritisation, but efficient methods for selecting among them remain debated. Location Southern Africa. Methods In this study, we used data on the dated phylogeny and geographical distribution of 1400 tree species in southern Africa to map regional hotspots of species richness (SR), phylogenetic diversity (PD), phylogenetic endemism (PE), species endemism (CWE), and evolutionary distinctiveness and global endangerment (EDGE). In addition, we evaluated the efficiency of hotspots in capturing complementary areas of species richness and phylogenetic diversity. We examined the spatial overlap among hotspots for each metric, and review how well one metric may serve as a surrogate for others. We then evaluated the effectiveness of current conservation areas in capturing these different facets of diversity and complementary areas. Lastly, we explored the environmental factors influencing the distribution of these diversity metrics in southern Africa. Results We reveal large spatial incongruence between biodiversity indices, resulting in unequal representation of PD, SR, PE, CWE and EDGE in hotspots and currently protected areas. Notably, no hotspot area is shared among all five measures, and 69% of hotspot areas were unique to a single diversity metric. Areas selected using complementarity are even more dispersed, but capture rare diversity that is overlooked by the hotspot approach. Main conclusions An integrative approach that considers multiple facets of biodiversity is needed if we are to maximise the conservation of tree diversity in southern Africa.

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Spatial analyses of the phylogenetic diversity ofMinaria(Apocynaceae): assessing priority areas for conservation in the Espinhaço Range, Brazil

Cited by 28 publications

References 83 publications

Tropical Refuges with Exceptionally High Phylogenetic Diversity Reveal Contrasting Phylogenetic Structures

Tropical Refuges with Exceptionally High Phylogenetic Diversity Reveal Contrasting Phylogenetic Structures

Phylogenetic diversity of regional beetle faunas at high latitudes: patterns, drivers and chance along ecological gradients

Spatial incongruence among hotspots and complementary areas of tree diversity in southern Africa

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