Spatial incongruence among hotspots and complementary areas of tree diversity in southern <scp>A</scp>frica

Daru, Barnabas H.; Bank, Michelle van der; Davies, T. Jonathan

doi:10.1111/ddi.12290

Cited by 56 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Nonetheless, as previously reported, the development of new metrics that consider multiple aspects of biodiversity could help to provide new insights into the mechanisms that underlie the current patterns of biological diversity. Nowadays, an increasing number of studies (e.g., Daru et al, 2014) reinforce the need to adopt more integrative strategies, which considering evolutionary components and geographical distribution data, can better identify areas of high conservation priority.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity hotspots: A shortcut for a more complicated concept

Marchese

2015

Global Ecology and Conservation

400

233

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a b s t r a c tIn an era of human activities, global environmental changes, habitat loss and species extinction, conservation strategies are a crucial step toward minimizing biodiversity loss. For instance, oceans acidification and land use are intensifying in many places with negative and often irreversible consequences for biodiversity. Biodiversity hotspots, despite some criticism, have become a tool for setting conservation priorities and play an important role in decision-making for cost-effective strategies to preserve biodiversity in terrestrial and, to some extent, marine ecosystems. This area-based approach can be applied to any geographical scale and it is considered to be one of the best approaches for maintaining a large proportion of the world's biological diversity. However, delineating hotspots includes quantitative criteria along with subjective considerations and the risk is to neglect areas, such as coldspots, with other types of conservation value. Nowadays, it is widely acknowledged that biodiversity is much more than just the number of species in a region and a conservation strategy cannot be based merely on the number of taxa present in an ecosystem. Therefore, the idea that strongly emerges is the need to reconsider conservation priorities and to go toward an interdisciplinary approach through the creation of science-policy partnerships.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity hotspots: A shortcut for a more complicated concept

Marchese

2015

Global Ecology and Conservation

400

233

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“…In consequence, to conserve the whole spectrum of biological variation, it is obviously not enough to only focus on species richness as a measure of biodiversity on the continental scale (Orme et al . ; Daru, Bank & Davies ) or the island scale (Di Virgilio et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate vs. topography – spatial patterns of plant species diversity and endemism on a high‐elevation island

et al. 2015

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Summary Climate and topography are among the most fundamental drivers of plant diversity. Here, we assessed the importance of climate and topography in explaining diversity patterns of species richness, endemic richness and endemicity on the landscape scale of an oceanic island and evaluated the independent contribution of climatic and topographic variables to spatial diversity patterns. We constructed a presence/absence matrix of perennial endemic and native vascular plant species (including subspecies) in 890 plots on the environmentally very heterogeneous island of La Palma, Canary Islands. Species richness, endemic richness and endemicity were recorded, interpolated and related to climate (i.e. variables describing temperature, precipitation, variability and climatic rarity) and topography (i.e. topographic complexity, solar radiation, geologic age, slope and aspect). We used multimodel inference, spatial autoregressive models, variance partitioning and linear regression kriging as statistical methods. Species richness is best explained by both climatic and topographic variables. Topographic variables (esp. topographic complexity and solar radiation) explain endemic richness, and climatic variables (esp. elevation/temperature and rainfall seasonality) explain endemicity. Spatial patterns of species richness, endemic richness and endemicity were in part geographically decoupled from each other. Synthesis. We identified several topography‐dependent processes ranging from evolutionary processes (micro‐refugia, in situ speciation, pre‐adaptation to rupicolous conditions, dispersal limitations) to human‐induced influences (introduced herbivores, fire, land use) that possibly shape the endemic richness pattern of La Palma. In contrast, climate mainly drives endemicity, which is connected to ecological speciation and specialization to local conditions. We highlight the importance of incorporating climatic variability into future studies of plant species diversity and endemism. The spatial incongruence in hot spots of species richness, endemic richness and endemicity emphasizes the need for an integrated conservation approach acknowledging different diversity measures to protect the complete spectrum of diversity. High‐elevation islands such as La Palma are highly suitable to study drivers of diversity and endemism, as they offer environmental gradients of continental magnitude on the landscape scale of a single climatic mini‐continent and a large array of in situ‐speciated endemics.

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“…This result may stem from the property of these measures, whereby increases in species richness and biological traits can only generate a small change in phylogenetic diversity (Pool et al, 2014;Schweiger et al, 2008). Actually, increasing numbers of studies have revealed spatial mismatches among patterns of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of disparate aquatic (de Carvalho & Tejerina-Garro, 2015;Heino, Soininen, Lappalainen, & Virtanen, 2005) and terrestrial organism groups (Daru et al, 2015;Devictor et al, 2010). The scatter plots depict the importance of species identity, where increased scatter implying stronger effects of species identity as opposed to species richness.…”

Section: Congruence Among Different Facets Of Diversity and Its Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the perspective of biodiversity conservation, FD and PD should be both considered as important facets of diversity for ensuring the provision of ecosystem services and for representing an evolutionary history of the focal taxonomic group (Devictor et al, 2010). Unfortunately, our understanding of how different facets of diversity are patterned and how they are associated with each other is currently limited (Cilleros, Allard, Grenouillet, & Brosse, 2016;Daru, Bank, & Davies, 2015;Pardo et al, 2017). Unfortunately, our understanding of how different facets of diversity are patterned and how they are associated with each other is currently limited (Cilleros, Allard, Grenouillet, & Brosse, 2016;Daru, Bank, & Davies, 2015;Pardo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical gradients in the biodiversity of Chinese freshwater molluscs: Implications for conservation

Cai

Zhang

et al. 2018

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim: Large-scale diversity patterns are generated by different but not mutually exclusive mechanisms. However, understanding of multiple facets of diversity and their determinants in the freshwater realm remains limited. Here, we characterized the geographical gradients, hotspots and spatial congruence of three facets of freshwater molluscan diversity and evaluated the relative importance of three different underlying mechanisms related to the energy, area/environmental heterogeneity and dispersal/historical hypotheses. Location: China.Methods: Species richness (SR), functional richness (FR) and taxonomic distinctness (TD, a proxy of phylogenetic diversity) were calculated for 212 drainage basins with a total of 313 molluscan species. Spatial congruence between the diversity facets was evaluated with Pearson correlation coefficient and overlap among hotspots. Multiple linear regression models and variation partitioning were used to assess the relative importance of different mechanisms. Results:Hotspots of SR and FR were mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River and Huai River basins, while high TD values were patchily distributed across China. We found extremely low spatial congruence between TD and both SR and FR, while there was relatively high concordance between SR and FR. All diversity facets were best explained by the dispersal/historical hypothesis with strong unique effects, followed by the factors related to the energy hypothesis. The area/ environmental heterogeneity hypothesis was only weakly supported. Main conclusions:We found a potentially strong influence of dispersal limitation and evolutionary history on the geographical diversity gradients of Chinese molluscs. This finding contrasts with the general finding that energy-related factors are the strongest correlates of diversity patterns at large spatial scales. Moreover, our results do not support the idea that using any one diversity component as a surrogate of the others in developing conservation strategies. Instead, an integrative approach embracing multiple facets of diversity should be adopted in the conservation of freshwater biodiversity. K E Y W O R D Sbiodiversity hotspots, functional diversity, phylogenetic diversity, spatial congruence, species richness, taxonomic distinctness

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Spatial incongruence among hotspots and complementary areas of tree diversity in southern Africa

Cited by 56 publications

References 52 publications

Biodiversity hotspots: A shortcut for a more complicated concept

Biodiversity hotspots: A shortcut for a more complicated concept

Climate vs. topography – spatial patterns of plant species diversity and endemism on a high‐elevation island

Geographical gradients in the biodiversity of Chinese freshwater molluscs: Implications for conservation

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