Sources of fine organic aerosol. 1. Charbroilers and meat cooking operations

Rogge, Wolfgang F.; Hildemann, Lynn M.; Mazurek, Monica A.; Cass, Glen R.; Simoneit, Bernd R.T.

doi:10.1021/es00018a015

Cited by 691 publications

(667 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Previous literature has indicated that charbroiled meat, smoked fish, and fried foods have very high contents of PAHs (Fretheim, 1976;Promvanit and Kangsadalampai, 1985). Rogge et al (1991) further showed that 10 PAHs could be obtained in smoke emitted from the charbroiling of meat using a natural gas flame. Since charcoal burning may produce a large quantity of PAHs, using charcoal as a fuel source to broil food should make a significant contribution to PAH concentrations of city air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Exposure to carcinogenic PAHs for the vendors of broiled food

Chang

Chien

Chiang

et al. 2005

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Three types of popular vendors, including meat and non-meat food (e.g, fishballs), vendor group (I), rice sausage sandwiches vendor group (II), and roasted corn on-the-cob vendor group (III), from the night markets of Taiwan were chosen for this research. The average concentrations of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (car-PAHs) were 2445 ng/m 3 for vendor (II), 2276 ng/m 3 for vendor (II), and 133 ng/m 3 for vendor (III). Vendors groups (I) and (II) had exposure levels of Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-equivalent doses (BaP eq ) approximately 16 and 13 times higher than those for vendor group (III). The daily exposure doses of BaP eq in working duration for vendor group (II) and (II) were 2.80 and 2.28 mg/day, respectively. The employees of five offices on campus were chosen as a control group. The daily exposure doses of BaP eq during working hours for vendor group (II) and (II) were about 22 times and 18 times, respectively, higher than those for control group. This exposure dose for vendors group (III) (0.18 mg/day) was comparable with the dose for control group (0.13 mg/day). The whole-day exposure doses of t-PAHs, car-PAHs, BaP, and BaP eq for vendor groups (I) and (II) were very close to those during daily working hours. However, the daily exposure doses of BaP eq during working hours for vendor group (III) occurred only in a proportion of 62% of the whole-day exposure doses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Exposure to carcinogenic PAHs for the vendors of broiled food

Chang

Chien

Chiang

et al. 2005

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Naturally occurring, surface-active fatty acids are common components of the organic fraction. [12][13][14][15] Biological material at the sea surface, including fatty acids and unsaturated organics such as chlorophyll, may be incorporated into marine aerosols via bubble bursting. Little is known about the physical state of internally mixed aerosols, although inorganic aerosols with organic coatings have been observed, [4][5][6][7]11 as well as organic particles with inorganic inclusions 7 and gellike mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oleic acid has been detected in urban, rural, and marine aerosols and is used as a marker for meat cooking in continental aerosol. 12,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Several factors have motivated these studies, including: quantifying the time scale for organic aerosol to be converted from hydrophobic to hydrophilic via oxidation thereby influencing their CCN ability, estimating the lifetime of unsaturated organics in aerosol particles, and evaluating organic aerosol oxidation as a potential source of volatile organics. The reaction has been studied using pure oleic acid aerosols, [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] 2-30 nm thick films on polystyrene beads, 46 ∼1 µm thick films on aqueous sea salt aerosol 47 and on macroscopic films in coated wall flow tube studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oxidation of Oleate in Submicron Aqueous Salt Aerosols: Evidence of a Surface Process

2007

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We have studied the oxidation of submicron aqueous aerosols consisting of internal mixtures of sodium oleate (oleic acid proxy), sodium dodecyl sulfate, and inorganic salts by O 3 , NO 3 /N 2 O 5 , and OH. Experiments were performed using an aerosol flow tube and a continuous flow photochemical reaction chamber coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). The CIMS was fitted with a heated inlet for volatilization and detection of organics in the particle phase simultaneously with the gas phase. A differential mobility analyzer/condensation particle counter was used for determining aerosol size distributions. The oxidation of oleate by O 3 follows Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, with γ O 3 ≈ 10 -5 calculated from the observed loss rate of oleate in the particle phase. The best fit Langmuir-Hinshelwood parameters are k max I ) 0.05 ( 0.01 s -1 and K O 3 ) 4((3) × 10 -14 cm 3 molec -1 . These parameters showed no dependence on the ionic composition of the aerosols or on the presence of alkyl surfactants. Several ozone oxidation products were observed to be particle-bound at ambient temperature, including nonanoic acid. We observed efficient processing of oleate by OH (0.1 e γ OH e 1), and we suggest an upper bound of γ Ν 3 < 10 -3 . We conclude that for the aerosol compositions studied, oxidation occurs near the gas-aerosol interface and that the 1 e-fold lifetime of unsaturated organics at the aerosol surface is ∼10 min due to O 3 oxidation under atmospheric conditions. In the context of a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, different underlying aerosol compositions may extend the lifetime of oleic acid at the surface by reducing K O 3 .

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“…The knowledge gained through testing experimental procedures began to be applied to the detailed characterisation of aerosols emitted by specific sources or activities, such as volcanic eruptions (Pereira et al 1982), meat cooking operations , Kleeman et al 1999, Rogge et al 1991, Schauer et al 1999a, road dust and tire debris (Rogge et al 1993a), particulate abrasion products from leaf surfaces of urban plants Simoneit 1994, Rogge et al 1993b), home boilers , Rogge et al 1993c, 1997a, hot asphalt roofing tar plot plumes (Rogge et al 1997b), biomass burning (Abas et al 1995, Duan et al 2004, Elias et al 1997, Fang et al 1999, Fine et al 2001, b, 2004a, Jayaratne and Verna 2001, Jordan et al 2006, Kleeman et al 1999, Oros and Simoneit 2001a, b, Rogge et al 1998, Simoneit 2002, Simoneit and Elias 2001, Simoneit et al 1993, Standley and Simoneit 1994, motorised vehicles (Fraser et al 1999, Rogge et al 1993d, Schauer et al 1999b, Simoneit 1984, tobacco smoke (Kavouras et al 1998a, Kleeman et al 1999, Morrical and Zenobi 2002, Rogge et al 1994, coal-fired power station (Santos et al 2004), waste landfill (Yassaa et al 2001a) and eolian transport of vegetal detritus (Boon et al 1998, Simoneit 1997, Simoneit et al 1988. Some of the researches have also focused upon the ...…”

Section: Methodologies For the Determination Of Organic Aerosol Compomentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of solvent extractable organic constituents in atmospheric particulate matter: an overview

Alves

2008

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

112

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In spite of accounting for 10-70% of the atmospheric aerosol mass, particulate-phase organic compounds are not well characterised, and many aspects of aerosol formation and evolution are still unknown. The growing awareness of the impact of particulate aerosols on climate, and the incompletely recognised but serious effects of anthropogenic constituents on air quality and human health, have conducted to several scientific studies. These investigations have provided information about the behaviour of atmospheric particulate matter and the description of the character of its carbonaceous content. The compilation of such results is important as they append to the emergent global-wide dataset of the organic composition of atmospheric aerosols. The contribution of the major emission sources to regional particulate pollution can be diagnosed by using specific molecular markers. This overview is mainly focused on results obtained with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, since it is the analytical method of choice in elucidating the solvent-extractable organic compounds in atmospheric particulate matter. A synopsis of the selection of organic tracers and the application of geochemical parameters to the analysis of organic constituents as a tool for source apportionment is shown here. Besides the assessment of current knowledge, this paper also presents the identification of further areas of concern.

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Sources of fine organic aerosol. 1. Charbroilers and meat cooking operations

Cited by 691 publications

References 15 publications

Exposure to carcinogenic PAHs for the vendors of broiled food

Exposure to carcinogenic PAHs for the vendors of broiled food

The Oxidation of Oleate in Submicron Aqueous Salt Aerosols: Evidence of a Surface Process

Characterisation of solvent extractable organic constituents in atmospheric particulate matter: an overview

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