Sources and elemental composition of aerosol in Pasadena, California, by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence

Abstract

In the case of acetic acid collected on Tenax traps, our calibration data with added amounts of acetic acid from a diffusion tube vapor stream showed nonlinearity of peak response vs. amount of acetic acid at low microgram levels, suggesting adsorption. Hence, it is recommended that calibration data be obtained on the same day that samples are run.

Particulate Matter Associated with Vehicles on the Road. II

“…Table 9 hsts the results. The motor-vehicle primary-part~culate contribution to urban-air particulate mass is -11% (-9 pg/m3) on the average, in reasonable agreement with other estimates (e.g., 11%; Larsen, 1966), 18% (Larsen, 1966;Conlee et al, 1967;Hammerle and Pierson, 1975), 8"/,-23% (Kleinman -et al, 1980). The urban-air species most influenced by primary vehicle particulate matter are, in order, Br, Pb, H, C, Ba, Mn, Sr, Mg, Ca, C1, I, and P.Al1 of the rest are broadly comparable, with only minimal (0%4%) vehicle contributions.…”

“…Accordingly, the large contribution by vehicles to rural C and extractable organics as shown in Table 9 may be atypical. Second, nearly half of the H in the Allegheny tower experiment was H + and NH /: related to the H,SO, aerosol and its neutralization by NH,, and the rest of the H was probably present mainly as water associated with the H,SO, and sulfate, none of which is related to vehicle From Larsenand Konopinski (1962), Conlee et al (1967), Dams et al (1970), Friedlander (1973, John et al (1973), Gatz (1975), Hammerle and Pierson (1975), Hopke et al (1976), Paciga and Jervis (1976), Moyers et al (1977), Kowalczyk et al (1978), Stevens et al (1978Stevens et al ( , 1979, Kowalczyk (1979), Pierson and Russell (1979), Countess et al (1980), Lewis and Macias (1980), Ondov et al (1981), and Shah et al (1981).…”

“…Given the consensus (Hammerle and Pierson, 1975;Kowalczyk et al, 1978) that gasolinepowered motor vehicles are ordinarily the only significant source of urban-air Pb, we have used our data to estimate how much the primary vehicle airborne particulate matter contributes to the urban aerosol and to each of its constituents. If there are other sources of Pb, the vehicle contributions will have been overestimated.…”

“…We base our estimate on the 1977 Tuscarora data (1979 Allegheny, in the case of the extractable organics) and on pblished data for Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, D.C., Toronto, Charleston West Virginia, Chicago, East Chicago, St. Louis, Denver, Houston, Tucson, Pasadena, California, San Francisco, and Portland, Oregon (Larsen and Konopinski, 1962;Conlee et al, 1967;Dams et al, 1970;Friedlander, 1973;John et al, 1973;Gatz, 1975;Hammerle and Pierson, 1975;Hopke et al, 1976;Paciga and Jervis, 1976;Moyers et al, 1977;Stevens et al, 1978Stevens et al, , 1979Kowalczyk, 1979;Pierson and Russell, 1979;Countess et al, 1980;Lewis and Macias, 1980;Ondov et al, 1981;Shah et al, 1981). We first adjust the Tuscarora data to a traffic con~position of 5"/, diesels to be more representative of the United States generally.…”

Study of air pollution scavenging. Fifteenth progress report. [Air pollution over St. Louis, Missouri and rural Illinois]

“…Many studies of the chemical composition of urban aerosols have identified soil-derived aerosols as an important component (Dams et al, 1971;John et al, 1973;Hammerle and Pierson, 1975;Neustadter et al, 1976;Perone et al, 1976;. This component typically includes Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, Mn, Fe, and some rare earths (La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Th).…”