Particulate Matter Associated with Vehicles on the Road. II

Pierson, William R.; Brachaczek, Wanda W.

doi:10.1080/02786828308958610

Cited by 157 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 76 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Research has shown that soil dust can account for over 60% of the Al concentration [31], confirming that the deposition of eroded soil particles is an important pollutant source at all three sites. It is postulated that the primary source of Fe and Al would be the soil.…”

Section: Distribution Of the Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Analysis of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments

Herngren

Goonetilleke

2006

Analytica Chimica Acta

203

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Road-deposited sediments were analysed for heavy metal concentrations at three different landuses (residential, industrial, commercial) in Queensland State, Australia.The sediments were collected using a domestic vacuum cleaner which was proven to be highly efficient in collecting sub-micron particles. Five particle sizes were analysed separately for eight heavy metal elements (Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Al and Mn). At all sites, the maximum concentration of the heavy metals occurred in the 0.45-75 m particle size range, which conventional street cleaning services do not remove efficiently. Multicriteria decision making methods (MCDM), PROMETHEE and GAIA, were employed in the data analysis. PROMETHEE, a non-parametric ranking analysis procedure, was used to rank the metal contents of the sediments sampled at each site. The most polluted site and particle size range were the industrial site and the 0.45-75 m range respectively. Although the industrial site displayed the highest metal concentrations, the highest heavy metal loading coincided with the highest sediment load, which occurred at the commercial site. GAIA, a special form of Principal Component Analysis, was applied to determine correlations between the heavy metals and particle size ranges and also to assess possible correlation with Total Organic Carbon (TOC). The GAIA-planes revealed that irrespective of the site, most of the heavy metals are adsorbed to sediments below 150 m. A weak correlation was found between Zn, Mn and TOC at the commercial site. This could lead to higher bioavailability of these metals through complexation reactions with the organic species in the sediments.

show abstract

Section: Distribution Of the Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Analysis of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments

Herngren

Goonetilleke

2006

Analytica Chimica Acta

203

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The particulate deposition efficiency curve o f the human respiratory system, calculated by Heyder et al [22], shows that about 25% of inhaled 0.2-pm par ticulates deposit in the respiratory system. Assuming that we breathe in 15-20 m 3 of air/day, we inhale 0.36-0.48 mg DEP/day.…”

Section: Dep Enhance Eosinophil Adhesion To Epithelial Cells and Causmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel Exhaust Particulates Enhance Eosinophil Adhesion to Nasal Epithelial Cells and Cause Degranulation

Terada

Maesako

Hiruma

et al. 1997

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diesel exhaust particulates (DEP) are a common air pollutant from diesel-engine-powered car exhaust and are thought to cause chronic airway diseases. On the other hand, eosinophils are major components of allergic inflammatory disorders such as asthma, nasal allergy and atopic dermatitis. We examined the effects of DEP and DEP extract (extract of polyaromatic hydrocarbons) on eosinophil adhesion, survival rate and degranulation. Eosinophils, human mucosal microvascular endothelial cells (HMMECs) and human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) were preincubated in the presence or absence of DEP and DEP extract. ³⁵S-labeled eosinophils were allowed to adhere to monolayers of HMMECs and HNECs. After washing, ³⁵S radioactivity was determined and numbers of adherent eosinophils were calculated using each standard curve. The effects of DEP and DEP extract on eosinophil survival rate and degranulation were also determined. Although neither DEP nor DEP extract affected the adhesiveness of HMMECs and HNECs to eosinophils, 5 ng/ml of DEP extract and 50 ng/ml of DEP extract each significancy increased eosinophil adhesiveness to HNECs (134 ± 9 and 143 ± 8%, respectively; p < 0.01 vs. control), but neither effected eosinophil adhesiveness to HMMECs. DEP extract also induced eosinophil degranulation without changing the eosinophil survival rate. Given that eosinophil-derived lipid mediators and toxic proteins play important roles in the development of nasal allergy, the above findings strongly suggest that DEP plays an important role in promoting the nasal hypersensitivity induced by enhanced eosinophil infiltration of epithelium and eosinophil degranulation.

show abstract

“…18 The OC concentrations obtained from the MOUDI runs were multiplied by a factor of 1.17 to estimate the reconstructed mass associated with the organic compounds. 19 The MOUDI afterfilters were not included because the afterfilter is subject to artifacts from evaporation, particle bounce, and adsorption of material from the vapor phase. 20 Table 3 summarizes the EC and OC results.…”

Section: Elemental and Organic Particle Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Exhaust Particles from Military Vehicles Fueled with Diesel, Gasoline, and JP-8

Kelly

Wagner

Lighty

et al. 2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diluted exhaust from selected military aircraft groundsupport equipment (AGE) was analyzed for particulate mass, elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC), SO 4 2Ϫ , and size distributions. The experiments occurred at idle and load conditions and utilized a chassis dynamometer. The selected AGE vehicles operated on gasoline, diesel, and JP-8. These military vehicles exhibited concentrations, size distributions, and emission factors in the same range as those reported for nonmilitary vehicles. The diesel and JP-8 emission rates for PM ranged from 0.092 to 1.1 g/kg fuel. The EC contributed less and the OC contributed more to the particulate mass than reported in recent studies of vehicle emissions. Overall, the particle size distribution varied significantly with engine condition, with the number of accumulation mode particles and the count median diameter (CMD) increasing as engine load increased. The SO 4 2Ϫ analyses showed that the distribution of SO 4 2Ϫ mass mirrored the distribution of particle mass.

show abstract

Particulate Matter Associated with Vehicles on the Road. II

Cited by 157 publications

References 76 publications

Analysis of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments

Analysis of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments

Diesel Exhaust Particulates Enhance Eosinophil Adhesion to Nasal Epithelial Cells and Cause Degranulation

Characterization of Exhaust Particles from Military Vehicles Fueled with Diesel, Gasoline, and JP-8

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About