Sources and composition of sewage effluent; treatment systems and methods

Iannelli, Renato; Giraldi, David

doi:10.1002/9781444328561.ch1

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A revision of the predominant wastewater reuse scheme is of vital importance, given that, in the context of climate change, wastewater reuse may represent a potential adaptation measure to water shortage problems. Water reuse in agriculture offers several additional advantages, as they may supply nutrients for fertigation due to its nitrogen and phosphorous content, which greatly depends on the type of wastewater treatment [14]. Thus, the environmental efficiency of wastewater reuse will greatly depend on the type of regeneration employed and to what degree it is fit for the purpose, as set forth in the Costa Rican legal framework.…”

Section: Behavior Of Probability Of Compliancementioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Discharge and Reuse Regulation in Costa Rica: An Opportunity for Improvement

Herrera-Murillo

Mora-Campos

Salas-Jiménez

et al. 2021

Water

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A database was built with the results of the physicochemical analysis of 23,435 samples of wastewater discharges obtained from the operational reports presented and the cross-checks carried out by the Ministry of Health to the operating entities, in accordance with the provisions of Decree 30661-MINAE-S, for the period 2016–2020. Using Bayesian networks, the probabilities of compliance with current regulations were estimated by preparing an acyclic directed graph for three alternative scenarios. At the national level, the BOD and the COD are the variables that record the lowest values, showing important differences between the results obtained for the central region of the country with respect to the other regions. Another determining variable turned out to be the type of final disposal, wherein the reuse of wastewater presents important compliance deficiencies for all regions except for Chorotega. In the case of BOD, COD and TSS, the lowest probabilities are recorded for ISIC codes 3821 (treatment of non-hazardous waste), 1040 (manufacture of animal and vegetable fats) and 145 (pig farming). Additionally, the integrated environmental risk was calculated as a product of the discharges, obtaining that for the evaluated parameters, the BOD and COD represent the highest risk values given their probability of occurrence rate, as well as the magnitude of the environmental impact. The Pacifico Central and Brunca regions recorded the highest integrated environmental risk value for BOD, COD and TSS compared to the other areas of the country. Based on the results obtained, proposals for improvement were generated for the control of wastewater discharges carried out by the environmental authorities in search of achieving a better comprehensive management of the water resource.

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Section: Behavior Of Probability Of Compliancementioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Discharge and Reuse Regulation in Costa Rica: An Opportunity for Improvement

Herrera-Murillo

Mora-Campos

Salas-Jiménez

et al. 2021

Water

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“…Biological treatment can be done by aerobic stage, and hardly by anoxic or anaerobic. In the combination of secondary and primary sedimentation 85% of BOD5 and SS are removed with some heavy metals (Pescod, 1992;Iannelli & Giraldi, 2011). Based on results of Tab.1, biological treatment processes commonly are effective.…”

Section: Industrial Wastewater Treatment Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Treatment Processes for Industrial Wastewaters and Reusing for Irrigation

2019

ZJPAS

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The aims of this work were to characterization of industrial wastewaters such as dairy and steel manufacturing wastewaters, possible treatment processes, and reusing the treated wastewater for irrigation purpose was discussed. Fresh wastewater samples were collected from Yörüksüt Dairy Factory and Erbil Steel Company and analyzed for 21 water quality parameters. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, total suspended solids (TSS) etc. were exceeded the standards for disposal of wastewater. Thus, treatment processes are essential prior disposal of wastewater to the environment or using for irrigation purpose. Based on the characteristics of the wastewaters, the treatment processes such as primary, secondary and tertiary were discussed. In addition, the quality of raw wastewater samples and proposed treated industrial wastewaters were compared with the guidelines for the irrigation purpose.

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“…Specifically, TWW is characterized by a higher salt load, expressed in terms of higher electrical conductivity (EC) and a higher sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) (Feiginet al, 1991;Marcar et al, 2011). In addition, compared with FW, TWW has a higher organic matter load that is commonly expressed by dissolved organic matter (DOM), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS) (Chen et al, 2011;Feigin et al, 1991;Iannelli and Giraldi, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation measures for mitigating degraded properties of a clayey soil caused by treated wastewater irrigation.

Nemera

Levy²,

Cohen³

et al. 2021

agriRxiv

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Long-term irrigation of clayey soils with treated wastewater (TWW) has significant negative effects on soil physicochemical properties and the performance of various orchards, including avocado. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of four different mitigation practices on the dynamics and the spatial changes in selected soil properties, following long term irrigation with TWW. The experiment was conducted in a commercial fruit-bearing 'Hass' avocado orchard (Persea americana Mill.) grown on a clayey soil irrigated with TWW since 2009. The mitigation measures, each in 6 replicates, were implemented in 2016 and included the following treatments: freshwater (FW), blended TWW: FW in a 1:1 ratio (MIX), low-frequency TWW-irrigation (LFI), TWW irrigated tuff trenches (TUF) and TWW as the control treatment. The results showed that FW and MIX significantly reduced total salinity (EC), specific salinity related ions (Na and Cl), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) to (i) a depth of 90 cm and 30 cm under drippers, respectively, and (ii) a depth of 60 cm except for chloride and 30 cm between drippers, respectively compared with TWW. Moreover, FW significantly increased aggregate stability to a depth of 30 cm. TUF and LFI reduced soil salinity and sodicity under drippers but not between drippers compared with TWW. TUF increased oxygen concentration in the root zone (35-cm depth) compared with all other treatments. Considering the scarcity of FW, MIX and TUF can be suggested as mitigating measures for reducing soil salinity and sodicity, and increasing poor aeration of clayey soil under long term irrigation with TWW, respectively.

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Sources and composition of sewage effluent; treatment systems and methods

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Wastewater Discharge and Reuse Regulation in Costa Rica: An Opportunity for Improvement

Wastewater Discharge and Reuse Regulation in Costa Rica: An Opportunity for Improvement

Essential Treatment Processes for Industrial Wastewaters and Reusing for Irrigation

Remediation measures for mitigating degraded properties of a clayey soil caused by treated wastewater irrigation.

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