Essential Treatment Processes for Industrial Wastewaters and Reusing for Irrigation

Abstract

The aims of this work were to characterization of industrial wastewaters such as dairy and steel manufacturing wastewaters, possible treatment processes, and reusing the treated wastewater for irrigation purpose was discussed. Fresh wastewater samples were collected from Yörüksüt Dairy Factory and Erbil Steel Company and analyzed for 21 water quality parameters. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, total suspended solids (TSS) etc. were exceeded the standards for disposal of wastewater. Thus, treatment processes are essential prior disposal of wastewater to the environment or using for irrigation purpose. Based on the characteristics of the wastewaters, the treatment processes such as primary, secondary and tertiary were discussed. In addition, the quality of raw wastewater samples and proposed treated industrial wastewaters were compared with the guidelines for the irrigation purpose.

Design steps and performance of aerated lagoon, oxidation ditch and wetland methods for Erbil municipal wastewater treatment and reusing

“…Therefore, researchers have planned another source for irrigation instead of groundwater, through the treatment of wastewater and reuse for agriculture (Ramirez et al, 2021). Due to drought years and impact on water resources and direct use of raw wastewater for irrigation in Erbil, Babylon, Karbala, Diwaniya, and Najaf provinces in Iraq, wastewater has been treated to replace water sources and ensure acceptable water quality for irrigation (Aziz et al, 2019;Al-Murshady et al, 2021). Because there is not enough irrigation water available, many low-income countries in Asia.…”

“…In this scenario, WW increasingly becomes a valuable resource rather than a waste product. Certainly, irrigation with treated wastewater is already practiced, mainly in agriculture and landscaping (Bixio et al, 2006;Aziz et al, 2019;Aziz, 2020;Al-Murshady et al, 2021;Ramirez et al, 2021;Ortega-Pozo et al, 2022).…”

“…The quality of untreated MWW and other types of WWs is different and it depends on the source of WW, for instance the quality of WW from dairy, steel, slaughterhouse, tannery, yeast, and paper factory are not the same (Aziz et al, 2019). Several treatment technologies are needed based on the pollutants in the WWs and should be treated to a level to qualify for the different types of irrigation, i.e.…”

“…forest, greenbelt, wheat, fruits, vegetables, etc. (Mecalf and Eddy, 2014;Aziz and Ali, 2018;Aziz et al, 2019). Three key views should be measured for irrigation by treated WW, which cares about public health for farmers and users, the avoidance of atmosphere degradation, and removes the antagonistic that has an effect on the production of crops.…”

“…Three key views should be measured for irrigation by treated WW, which cares about public health for farmers and users, the avoidance of atmosphere degradation, and removes the antagonistic that has an effect on the production of crops. Various organizations for using TWW for irrigation concentrated on, the amount of indicator organisms, biodegradable organic matter, TSS, turbidity, heavy metals, and residual chlorine that has an effect on public health (Paranychianakis, et al, 2011;Aziz et al, 2019).…”