Source Location Privacy Using Fake Source and Phantom Routing (FSAPR) Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks

Roy, Pradeep Kumar; Singh, Jyoti; Kumar, Prabhat; Singh, M. P.

doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.486

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…There exist several protocol designs which adopt both the phantom routing and fake source packet routing strategies. The protocols include the tree-based diversionary routing [4], the enhanced source location privacy based on data dissemination protocol [7], the probabilistic source location privacy protection protocol [20], and the distributed protocol that combines fake source routing and phantom source routing [33]. The tree-based diversionary routing functions as follows; a phantom node is established and a backbone route is created based on the location of the phantom node.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Mutalemwa

Shin

2020

Energies

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Traffic analysis attacks are common in monitoring wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the attacks, adversaries analyze the traffic pattern to obtain critical information such as the location information of a source node. Fake source packet routing protocols are often used to ensure source location privacy (SLP) protection. The protocols rely on broadcasting fake packets from fake sources concurrently with the transmission of real packets from the real source nodes to obfuscate the adversaries. However, fake source packet routing protocols have demonstrated some performance limitations including high energy consumption, low packet delivery ratio (PDR), and long end-to-end delay (EED). In this study, two existing fake source packet routing protocols are considered. Then two new phantom-based SLP routing protocols are proposed to address the limitations. Each proposed protocol introduces a two-level phantom routing strategy to ensure two adversary confusion phases. When the adversaries perform traffic analysis attacks on the packet routes, they encounter two levels of obfuscation. Simulation results establish that the proposed protocols have superior performance features. The protocols guarantee strong SLP protection throughout the WSN domain with controlled energy consumption, PDR, and EED. Furthermore, the proposed protocols achieve more practical results under varied network configurations.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Mutalemwa

Shin

2020

Energies

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“…Other protocols which adopt the fake packet routing strategies include the probabilistic source location privacy protection protocol [18], timed efficient privacy preservation protocol [27], fake network traffic-based protocol [28], bidirectional tree protocol [29], dummy adaptive distribution protocol [26], distributed fake source and phantom source protocol [17], controlled dummy adaptive distribution protocol [26], and the redundancy branch convergence-based privacy protocol [30]. To route packets, the probabilistic source location privacy protection protocol selects phantom nodes around the source node with careful consideration of the exposed areas.…”

Section: Privacy Protection Protocols With Fake Packet Injection mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in this study, we conduct comprehensive performance evaluation of four representative fake packetbased protocols which employ different fake packet routing strategies. We evaluate the performance of the tree-based diversionary routing protocol (TDR) [15], data dissemination routing protocol (DDR) [16], distributed protocol with fake source and phantom source routing (FPR) [17], and the probabilistic source location privacy protection protocol (PRR) [18]. The key features and routing strategies of the TDR, DDR, FPR, and PRR protocols are summarized in Fig.…”

Section: Motivation and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four fake packet-based SLP protocols are included in the investigations: the tree-based diversionary routing protocol (TDR) [15], data dissemination routing protocol (DDR) [16], distributed protocol with fake source and phantom source routing (FPR) [17], and the probabilistic source location privacy protection protocol (PRR) [18]. The four protocols were selected for investigations based on features and key differences in their routing strategies as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Privacy Protection Protocols Utilizing Fake Packet Injection Techniques

Mutalemwa

Shin

2020

IEEE Access

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In many Internet of Things (IoT) systems and monitoring wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensor nodes are expected to function for prolonged periods of time with no scope of recharging the sensor node batteries. Similarly, in safety-critical monitoring applications, the WSNs are expected to guarantee effective source location privacy (SLP) protection throughout the network lifetime. Fake packet-based SLP protocols are often energy-inefficient, they incur short network lifetime, and have high probability of packet collision events. Therefore, it is important to evaluate features such as the capability of the protocols to guarantee effective SLP protection for prolonged periods of time and reliable packet delivery. The existing studies show some deficit in the performance evaluation of the protocols. Consequently, this paper presents some investigations on the performance of the fake packet-based SLP protocols. Comprehensive performance analysis of four existing protocols is done under varied network parameters and configurations. Performance is observed under varied sensor node residual energy, source-sink distance, lifetime, source packet rate, network size, and node density. Analysis results establish that the protocols are capable of achieving high levels of SLP protection. However, the privacy protection is short-lived. Furthermore, the results show that long source-sink distance, long fake packet routes, short distance between fake packet sources and phantom nodes, and large amounts of fake packet traffic can improve the SLP protection while diminishing the packet delivery reliability, energy efficiency, and the network lifetime. The results also show that when the source packet rate is increased it influences some negative effects on the performance of the protocols. Moreover, it is observed that integrating fake packet routing and packet flooding techniques can impact some positive effects on the SLP protection and negative effects on the network lifetime. Based on the observations and analysis results, some recommendations are presented to improve the performance of the protocols. INDEX TERMS Source location privacy protection, wireless sensor network, routing protocol, fake packet routing, packet delivery reliability. LILIAN C. MUTALEMWA received the B.Eng. degree in telecommunications engineering from the

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“…Fake packets are of the same length as the real packets, and they are encrypted so as to make it difficult for adversaries to tell the difference between fake and real packets. Several versions of fake source routing exist, including short-lived fake source routing, persistent fake source routing, dynamic fake source routing, and a distributed solution that combines fake source routing and phantom routing [10]. Fake source routing schemes are often criticized for their poor privacy and high-energy consumption.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Location-Based Random Routing for Source Location Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks

Mutalemwa¹,

Shin²

2018

Sensors

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are deployed in sensitive applications, such as in military and asset monitoring. In these applications, it is important to ensure good source location privacy. This is owing to the open nature of WSNs and the easiness of an adversary to eavesdrop on sensor communication and back trace the location of the source node. This paper proposes a scheme to preserve the source location privacy based on random routing techniques. To achieve high privacy, packets are randomly routed from the source to the sink node through strategically positioned mediate or diversion nodes. The random selection of mediate or diversion nodes is location-based. Depending on the location of the source node, packets are forwarded through different regions of the network. The proposed scheme guarantees that successive packets are routed through very different routing paths and adversaries find it confusing to back trace them to the source node location. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively confuses the adversary and provides higher source location privacy to outperform other routing-based source location privacy schemes.

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Source Location Privacy Using Fake Source and Phantom Routing (FSAPR) Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Privacy Protection Protocols Utilizing Fake Packet Injection Techniques

Strategic Location-Based Random Routing for Source Location Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks

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