Strategic Location-Based Random Routing for Source Location Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks

Mutalemwa, Lilian C.; Shin, Seokjoo

doi:10.3390/s18072291

Cited by 31 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The second phase is the operational phase where packets are routed from the source node to the sink node by using the proposed routing protocols. During the network configuration phase, the network uses the network initialization process similar to References [3,8] as a technique for neighbor discovery and hop-count estimation of the nodes with respect to the sink node. The network uses the k-nearest neighbor tracking approach to track the assets.…”

Section: Network Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Attack success rate (ASR): the measure of the rate of source node traceability when an eavesdropping adversary is back tracing against a SLP routing protocol. It is computed by counting the number of successful adversary attempts [8]. ASR has an inversely proportional relationship with the safety period.…”

Section: Performance Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can also be indicated as the process of keeping the location information of a source node hidden from an eavesdropping adversary in WSNs [4,5]. SLP protection is important in monitoring WSNs because it warranties the security of the source nodes by ensuring the information which is gathered by the source nodes is only observed or deciphered by the authorized parties [6][7][8][9][10][11]. There exist many types of SLP routing protocols [2,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Mutalemwa

Shin

2020

Energies

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Traffic analysis attacks are common in monitoring wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the attacks, adversaries analyze the traffic pattern to obtain critical information such as the location information of a source node. Fake source packet routing protocols are often used to ensure source location privacy (SLP) protection. The protocols rely on broadcasting fake packets from fake sources concurrently with the transmission of real packets from the real source nodes to obfuscate the adversaries. However, fake source packet routing protocols have demonstrated some performance limitations including high energy consumption, low packet delivery ratio (PDR), and long end-to-end delay (EED). In this study, two existing fake source packet routing protocols are considered. Then two new phantom-based SLP routing protocols are proposed to address the limitations. Each proposed protocol introduces a two-level phantom routing strategy to ensure two adversary confusion phases. When the adversaries perform traffic analysis attacks on the packet routes, they encounter two levels of obfuscation. Simulation results establish that the proposed protocols have superior performance features. The protocols guarantee strong SLP protection throughout the WSN domain with controlled energy consumption, PDR, and EED. Furthermore, the proposed protocols achieve more practical results under varied network configurations.

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Section: Network Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Mutalemwa

Shin

2020

Energies

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“…Hence, energy-efficient routing protocols enable the WSNs to achieve long unattended operation time [2]. SLP protection is defined as the process of minimizing the traceability and observability of a source node by an attacker in monitoring WSNs [4], [7]. In this study, we focus on investigating the performance of SLP routing protocols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Privacy Protection Protocols Utilizing Fake Packet Injection Techniques

Mutalemwa

Shin

2020

IEEE Access

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In many Internet of Things (IoT) systems and monitoring wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensor nodes are expected to function for prolonged periods of time with no scope of recharging the sensor node batteries. Similarly, in safety-critical monitoring applications, the WSNs are expected to guarantee effective source location privacy (SLP) protection throughout the network lifetime. Fake packet-based SLP protocols are often energy-inefficient, they incur short network lifetime, and have high probability of packet collision events. Therefore, it is important to evaluate features such as the capability of the protocols to guarantee effective SLP protection for prolonged periods of time and reliable packet delivery. The existing studies show some deficit in the performance evaluation of the protocols. Consequently, this paper presents some investigations on the performance of the fake packet-based SLP protocols. Comprehensive performance analysis of four existing protocols is done under varied network parameters and configurations. Performance is observed under varied sensor node residual energy, source-sink distance, lifetime, source packet rate, network size, and node density. Analysis results establish that the protocols are capable of achieving high levels of SLP protection. However, the privacy protection is short-lived. Furthermore, the results show that long source-sink distance, long fake packet routes, short distance between fake packet sources and phantom nodes, and large amounts of fake packet traffic can improve the SLP protection while diminishing the packet delivery reliability, energy efficiency, and the network lifetime. The results also show that when the source packet rate is increased it influences some negative effects on the performance of the protocols. Moreover, it is observed that integrating fake packet routing and packet flooding techniques can impact some positive effects on the SLP protection and negative effects on the network lifetime. Based on the observations and analysis results, some recommendations are presented to improve the performance of the protocols. INDEX TERMS Source location privacy protection, wireless sensor network, routing protocol, fake packet routing, packet delivery reliability. LILIAN C. MUTALEMWA received the B.Eng. degree in telecommunications engineering from the

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“…Also the discovery and recovery procedures are time and energy consuming. The new class of protocols known as geographic routing protocols [18][19][20][21][22] used location information to route the packets in a hop by hop fashion from the source device to the destination device. Most of these protocols selects the device that has maximum progress to the destination (nearest to the destination) as the best forwarder to forward the data packet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey on Opportunistic Routing Protocols for MANETs: Issues, Challenges and Future Directions

Menon¹

2019

Preprint

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Opportunistic routing is the latest technique that uses the broadcasting nature of the wireless medium to increase the number of potential forwarding nodes in the network. This, in turn improves the delivery rate and reliability of data transmission in the network. Compared to all previous classes of routing protocols, opportunistic routing offers numerous advantages which is exploited by the latest applications for efficient communication and resource sharing in dynamic ad hoc networks. These applications provide dynamic communication in disaster recovery environments. The objective of this research work is to review and classify all the major opportunistic routing protocols proposed for dynamic ad hoc networks. Further the issues and challenges with each of these existing protocol is discussed and future research directions are put forward

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Strategic Location-Based Random Routing for Source Location Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Privacy Protection Protocols Utilizing Fake Packet Injection Techniques

A Comprehensive Survey on Opportunistic Routing Protocols for MANETs: Issues, Challenges and Future Directions

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