Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Mutalemwa, Lilian C.; Shin, Seokjoo

doi:10.3390/en13020292

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Various routing strategies have been proposed for SLP protection. Many of the strategies are described in [4], [11]- [13], [21]. In [22], it was established that baseline fake packet routing and probabilistic fake packet routing strategies can be used to preserve SLP in monitoring WSNs.…”

Section: Privacy Protection Protocols With Fake Packet Injection mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bility [4]- [6]. When the WSNs are used in safety-critical and long-term monitoring applications such as monitoring of high value assets, the routing protocols are expected to warranty desirable features such as energy efficiency, low delay, reliable packet delivery, and high levels of source location privacy (SLP) protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, energy-efficient routing protocols enable the WSNs to achieve long unattended operation time [2]. SLP protection is defined as the process of minimizing the traceability and observability of a source node by an attacker in monitoring WSNs [4], [7]. In this study, we focus on investigating the performance of SLP routing protocols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FPR broadcasts multiple fake packets per real source packet which may be less than in TDR. Similar to other fake packetbased protocols, the TDR, DDR, PRR, and FPR protocols incur high energy consumption due to the distribution of fake packet traffic in the network [4], [11], [13], [14], [19]. Furthermore, the protocols incur unreliable packet delivery due to high probability of packet collision and packet loss events [4], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Privacy Protection Protocols Utilizing Fake Packet Injection Techniques

Mutalemwa

Shin

2020

IEEE Access

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In many Internet of Things (IoT) systems and monitoring wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensor nodes are expected to function for prolonged periods of time with no scope of recharging the sensor node batteries. Similarly, in safety-critical monitoring applications, the WSNs are expected to guarantee effective source location privacy (SLP) protection throughout the network lifetime. Fake packet-based SLP protocols are often energy-inefficient, they incur short network lifetime, and have high probability of packet collision events. Therefore, it is important to evaluate features such as the capability of the protocols to guarantee effective SLP protection for prolonged periods of time and reliable packet delivery. The existing studies show some deficit in the performance evaluation of the protocols. Consequently, this paper presents some investigations on the performance of the fake packet-based SLP protocols. Comprehensive performance analysis of four existing protocols is done under varied network parameters and configurations. Performance is observed under varied sensor node residual energy, source-sink distance, lifetime, source packet rate, network size, and node density. Analysis results establish that the protocols are capable of achieving high levels of SLP protection. However, the privacy protection is short-lived. Furthermore, the results show that long source-sink distance, long fake packet routes, short distance between fake packet sources and phantom nodes, and large amounts of fake packet traffic can improve the SLP protection while diminishing the packet delivery reliability, energy efficiency, and the network lifetime. The results also show that when the source packet rate is increased it influences some negative effects on the performance of the protocols. Moreover, it is observed that integrating fake packet routing and packet flooding techniques can impact some positive effects on the SLP protection and negative effects on the network lifetime. Based on the observations and analysis results, some recommendations are presented to improve the performance of the protocols. INDEX TERMS Source location privacy protection, wireless sensor network, routing protocol, fake packet routing, packet delivery reliability. LILIAN C. MUTALEMWA received the B.Eng. degree in telecommunications engineering from the

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Section: Privacy Protection Protocols With Fake Packet Injection mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Privacy Protection Protocols Utilizing Fake Packet Injection Techniques

Mutalemwa

Shin

2020

IEEE Access

Self Cite

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“…The branch near the source node collects and transmits the real packets to the ring. The real packet is sent to the ring by a nearby branch and, after several hops within the ring, travels to the sink node.In [37], with sink as the center, using two concentric circles to build a two-level phantom routing strategy. The packets start from the source and arrive at the sink through a first level phantom node and a second level phantom node.…”

Section: B Slp Schemes Using Ringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Ring-Based Routing Scheme for Distributed Energy Resources Management in IIoT

et al. 2020

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Recently, Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) have been utilized with increasing frequency in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) to deal with energy and environmental challenges. IIoT with wireless communication technology, which is easy to be intercepted, often facing various attack. For the safety of the network, more complex algorithms need to be run on IIoT, but the action need more energy. In addition, in some application scenarios, the location where the packets were generated indicates that an event occurred. An attacker can find the sensor node through a backtracking attack, which is equivalent to reaching the place where the event occurred. In order to hide the location information of the event, it is necessary to protect source location privacy (SLP), which will also increase the energy consumption of IIoT. If only the traditional battery is used to power the nodes in IIoT, the lifetime of the system will be limited. When IIoT is deployed outdoors, it is often difficult to replace the battery. The existence of lakes make IIoT have coverage holes during deployment. In order to implement SLP and make the system work for a long time in the environment with deployment holes, we use DERs. Herein, we propose an SLP protection scheme based on phantom nodes, rings, and fake paths (PRFs) for IIoT. To increase the safety time of the network, the PRFs dynamically selects the phantom nodes. To adapt to a complex deployment environment, the ring can be flexibly deployed according to the terrain. The PRFs uses fake paths to confuse attackers. We integrate DERs technology into PRFs, such as using solar power modules, looking forward to extending the lifetime of the system.The experimental results proved that the PRFs could efficiently reduce backtracking attacks while maintaining a balance between security and network energy consumption of IIoT.

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Awareness based gannet optimization for source location privacy preservation with multiple assets in wireless sensor networks

Singh,

Singh

2024

Concurrency and Computation

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SummaryThe wireless sensor network (WSN) has been assimilated into modern society and is utilized in many crucial application domains, including animal monitoring, border surveillance, asset monitoring, and so forth. These technologies aid in protecting the place of the event's occurrence from the adversary. Maintaining privacy concerning the source location is challenging due to the sensor nodes' limitations and efficient routing strategies. Hence, this research introduces a novel source location privacy preservation using the awareness‐based Gannet with random‐Dijkstra's algorithm (AGO‐RD). The network is initialized by splitting the hotspot and non‐hotspot region optimally using the proposed awareness‐based Gannet (AGO) algorithm. Here, the multi‐objective fitness function is utilized to initialize the network based on factors like throughput, energy consumption, latency, and entropy. Then, the information is forwarded to the phantom node in the non‐hotspot region to preserve the source location's privacy, which is far from the sink node. The proposed random‐Dijkstra algorithm is utilized to route the information from the phantom node to the sink with more security. Analysis of the proposed AGO‐RD‐based source location privacy preservation technique in terms of delay, throughput, network lifetime, and energy consumption accomplished the values of 6.52 ms, 95.68%, 7109.9 rounds, and 0.000125 μJ.

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Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Privacy Protection Protocols Utilizing Fake Packet Injection Techniques

Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Privacy Protection Protocols Utilizing Fake Packet Injection Techniques

A Ring-Based Routing Scheme for Distributed Energy Resources Management in IIoT

Awareness based gannet optimization for source location privacy preservation with multiple assets in wireless sensor networks

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