Source identification of atmospheric particle-bound metals at Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica

Bazzano, Andrea; Soggia, Francesco; Grotti, Marco

doi:10.1071/en14185

Cited by 18 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The choice was made according to previous studies [1,3], in which these samples appeared the most strongly affected by mid-latitude pollution sources and by local ship emissions, respectively. Even though an anthropogenic contribution was identified in the selected samples, the concentrations were quite low, in line with previous works on Arctic and Antarctic PM 10 samples [1,3,50].…”

Section: Test Of the Procedures On Arctic Pm 10 Samplessupporting

confidence: 89%

Optimization of a sequential extraction procedure for trace elements in Arctic PM10

et al. 2020

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In this work, a two-step sequential extraction scheme for the determination of trace elements in Arctic PM10 samples was optimized by using two certified reference materials (CRMs). By means of an experimental design for qualitative variables, the five most common extracting solutions for particulate matter (PM) sequential extraction (high purity water (HPW), 0.032 M HNO3, 0.022 M HCl, 0.11 M CH3COOH, and 0.012 M CH3COOH/CH3COONH4 buffer) and two different extraction methods (stirring and ultrasounds) were compared. The purpose of the study was the identification of the procedure which gives the best estimation of the anthropogenic portion of the elements present in PM10 samples. The use of ultrasounds instead of stirring induced a low but significant decrease of the extraction of all the elements and a decrease in the repeatability of the procedure. Diluted HNO3 was the extractant which allowed to maximize the extraction of anthropogenic elements (As, Cd, Pb, Zn) with respect to crustal ones (Al, Si, Ti). The optimized procedure proved successful in avoiding contaminations and, therefore, suitable to be applied to PM samples having extremely low concentrations, such as samples collected in polar or other remote areas. The chosen procedure was applied to ten Arctic PM10 samples, allowing for a better identification of their sources. Indeed, it was possible to hypothesize that even though the concentrations of As, Cd, K, Mg, Mn, and Ni in spring and summer were different, their mobility and, therefore, their chemical form in the analyzed PM10 samples were probably similar.

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Section: Test Of the Procedures On Arctic Pm 10 Samplessupporting

confidence: 89%

Optimization of a sequential extraction procedure for trace elements in Arctic PM10

et al. 2020

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“…Referring to Cd, in the recent literature its presence in the Antarctic environment is usually associated with anthropic origin [ 47 , 146 , 147 ], mainly since in the crust it is present at very low concentrations [ 46 ] and practically absent in Antarctic ores [ 92 , 93 ]. However, a volcanic origin of the metal should also be considered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The choice of these elements is linked to several factors. Typically, their presence in the Antarctic aerosol is associated to anthropogenic emissions [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Indeed, high enrichment factors with respect to mean crustal and seawater compositions have usually been attributed to inputs from human activities either local in Antarctica and/or remote in the Southern Hemisphere by long-range transport [ 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is one of the most common pollutants of the environment and the source of contamination is reported to be of anthropogenic nature [ 78 ]. Indeed, copper in Antarctica has been attributed to an anthropic origin, mainly connected to the local impact of the stations [ 2 , 14 , 45 , 47 ]. On the other hand, mineralogical analyses, and chemical, geochemical, paleontological, and isotopic determinations—which have been carried out on southern South American soil dusts and on the Vostok, Dome C and Dome B ice core dusts—together with model-based investigations, have demonstrated that dust deposited in the past on the East Antarctic plateau has a predominant origin from the southern South America (Patagonian desert, Tierra del Fuego) and the Antarctic Peninsula [ 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in the Atmospheric Aerosol of Central East Antarctica at Dome C (Concordia Station)

et al. 2021

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Trace heavy metals Cd, Pb, and Cu were determined (by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry) in aerosol samples collected at Dome C (the Italo-French Station Concordia), a remote site of the Central East Antarctic plateau, for which no data are available until now. During the Austral Summer 2005–2006, three PM10 high-volume impactors were installed in two locations nearby of Concordia station: the first one very close and downwind of the station (about 50 m north), the other two (very close to each other) in a ‘distant’ site, upwind of the station and close to the astrophysics tent (not used in that expedition) at ~800 m south of Station Concordia. For each sample, the availability of the mass of the aerosol collected (obtained by differential weighing carried out on site), in addition to the volume of the filtered air, allowed us to express results both in terms of metal mass fractions in the aerosol and in the usual way of metal atmospheric concentrations. Metal contents increased in the order Cd < Pb < Cu with the following ranges of values: Cd 1.0–8.4 µg g−1 (0.09–3.1 pg m−3), Pb 96–470 µg g−1 (12–62 pg m−3), and Cu 0.17–20 mg g−1 (0.027–2.4 ng m−3). From the metal temporal profiles obtained we estimated the following background values for the area of Dome C, expressed both in mass fractions and in atmospheric concentrations: Cd 1.2 ± 0.2 µg g−1 (0.24 ± 0.13 pg m−3), Pb (here fixed as upper limit) 113 ± 13 µg g−1 (21 ± 8 pg m−3), and Cu 0.91 ± 0.48 mg g−1 (0.12 ± 0.07 ng m−3). The highest values were observed in the first part of the season, and particularly for the site close to the station, possibly related to sample contamination linked to intense activity at the Concordia station connected with the beginning of the expedition, including aircraft arrivals/departures. Increments of up to 10 times (and even 20 times for Cu) were recorded with respect to the background values. The metal excesses of the contaminated over background samples were found approximately, except for Cu, in the same proportion of the metal contents of the special Antarctic blend (SAB) diesel fuel, which is used almost exclusively at Concordia Station. The effect of the wind direction was also observed. Thus in the intermediate period of the campaign, when the wind direction reversed for several days with respect to the prevailing one, Cd and Pb metal contents decreased at the sampling point installed close to the station, now upwind of Concordia station, and increased at the ‘clean’ site astrophysics tent, turned downwind at the main station. No simple and easily interpretable effect of the wind direction was observed for Cu, which suggests that some other extemporaneous and not clearly identified factor may have intervened in this case. These results suggest that the human impact at Dome C influences mainly the zone very close to the station, but also the area in the neighborhood, including the supposed clean site of the astrophysics tent (about 800 m far from the station), when the wind direction reverses with respect to the prevailing one, leaving the site downwind of the station Concordia. Since no other data are reported for the Dome C area, our results are compared with literature data referred to the South Pole Station (the only other plateau site for which data are available) and several other coastal Antarctic sites, observing that our results (excluding Cu) are the lowest ever observed for Antarctic aerosol.

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“…3 Three-isotopes plot showing the results obtained for the Antarctic snow samples collected at Dome C during the 2006 ( ) and 2010 ( ) campaigns, respectively. For comparison, data from Bazzano et al 33 determined in particulate matter from Terra Nova Bay (Coastal Antarctica) are also reported ( ), while the shaded areas are from Van de Velde et al 26 All the error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead isotopic analysis of Antarctic snow using multi-collector ICP-mass spectrometry

Bazzano

Latruwe

Grotti

et al. 2015

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Reliable determination of Pb isotope ratios in Antarctic snow is challenging because of the low analyte concentration and the low volume of sample typically available. In this work, a combination of a total sample consumption introduction system (the torch-integrated sample introduction system, TISIS) with multi-collector ICP-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) was used for this purpose. With this instrumental setup, accurate and precise determination of Pb isotope ratios was possible at concentrations as low as 0.5 ng mL(-1), while using 0.2 mL of solution only (total amount of Pb: 100 pg). At 10 ng mL(-1), the repeatability for the Pb-207/Pb-206 ratio was 0.16 parts per thousand RSD. The concentration range was further extended downwards by using 100-fold analyte element preconcentration via freeze-drying of 20 g of snow. The Pb concentration in procedural blanks was 0.5 +/- 0.3 pg g(-1), enabling the determination of Pb isotope ratios in snow samples containing down to 5 pg g(-1) of Pb. After development and validation, the procedure was applied to snow samples collected at Dome C (East Antarctic Plateau) on a monthly basis during the 2006 and 2010 campaigns. The method developed was able to reveal a seasonal variation in the Pb isotope ratios occurring during 2006 and strong inter-annual variation between the two campaigns

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Source identification of atmospheric particle-bound metals at Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Optimization of a sequential extraction procedure for trace elements in Arctic PM10

Optimization of a sequential extraction procedure for trace elements in Arctic PM10

Determination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in the Atmospheric Aerosol of Central East Antarctica at Dome C (Concordia Station)

Lead isotopic analysis of Antarctic snow using multi-collector ICP-mass spectrometry

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