Soundcsape and the Understanding of Historic Districts in Bandung

Abstract

According to UNESCO Convention 1972, cultural heritage consists of tangible and intangible heritage. Soundscape has been considered as a part of the intangible heritage, and it refers to the perceptual quality. In the realm of built environment, perceptual qualities become important concerns, since cultural heritage cannot be described and appreciated using mono-sensorial analysis fundamentally based on vision. As perceptual construct, soundscape has been considered as a new approach in understanding the formation and design of sensitive urban environment. It is argued that perceptual quality, besides visual aesthetics, geographic, psychological and socio-cultural aspects, must be part of the considerations in architecture and urban design. Bandung is well-known for its urban heritage, and as former well-designed colonial town, the historic buildings and areas have morphologically constituted the structure of the inner city. However, the modernization and globalization have led to inevitable transformations, including the destruction of historic places and fabric/district of cultural significance. With the latest urban dynamics, urban environment has also experienced an inescapable process of “sound globalization”, which led to the losing of specific sound-marks in the respective area. This paper is based upon an ongoing research project on strategy for conservation of historic urban areas using soundscape approach. Methodologically, through sound walks, surveys and interviews, several notions relating to urban spatial and formal quality have been collected, assessed and interpreted. The result stands for the understanding of perceptual aspects and quality of urban space in historic urban areas that may contribute to the heritage conservation strategy.

Multi-sensori dalam konsepsi tempat pada lingkungan cagar budaya perkotaan

“…Several studies and literature illustrate that the future shift and expansion of discourse on intelligent inheritance can anticipate an environment's evolution (Batchelor, Schnabel, and Dudding 2021). This discussion highlights the concern for the public experience of buildings and spaces in urban areas to make them more relevant to public needs (Martokusumo 2011).…”

“…As elsewhere expressed by Smith (2006), this is consistent with the paradigm shift in cultural heritage conservation, as previous models and discussions have been centered on the physical (tangible) and have yet to consider significant non-physical (intangible) aspects (Jigyasu 1998;Gutschow and Weiler 2017;Taylor and Lennon 2012). The current paradigm in cultural heritage management and conservation focuses not only on preserving the authenticity of historic city artifacts but also on developing high-quality urban spaces by incorporating historical identity into unique and enjoyable human experiences (Martokusumo 2015;Ouf 2001).…”

“…Before that, experts still determined the significance of heritage, indicating that heritage management extends beyond the community to which it belongs (Gutschow and Weiler 2017;Walter 2020). Following this, it is considered essential for describing and appreciating the environment within its social and cultural context (Martokusumo et al 2019). Appreciation of non-physical elements such as sound, smell, and taste appears to enrich and enhance visits while ensuring long-term development in cultural heritage areas (UNESCO 2003;Marto et al 2020;Pietro et al 2015).…”

Kajian Soundscape Sebagai Kritik Terhadap Proporsi Dan Elemen Arsitektural Di Jalan Braga, Bandung

“…Dalam penelusuran awal oleh peneliti, terlihat pada tingkat kebisingan rata-rata di Jalan Braga, melalui observasi didapatkan kekuatan suara rata-rata hingga 77-80 dBA. Selain itu hasil penelitian Martokusumo et al, (2019), pada area Central Point dimana masuk pada area penelitian, didapatkan tingkat kebisingan rata-rata 71,19 dBA. Sementara itu, menurut Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup No.…”

The Impact of Sound Sources on Perception Dimensions in Indonesian Settlements Area

“…An approach to comprehend the influence of human perception on the surrounding environment is through a soundscape approach [8,9,10,11]. Based on the framework of soundscape, three elements are significant in soundscape research: humans with their sense of hearing, the source of sound in their environment, and the perception that arises, as illustrated in figure 1 [12].…”