Sonoclot®-based method to detect iron enhanced coagulation

Abstract

Thrombelastographic methods have been recently introduced to detect iron mediated hypercoagulability in settings such as sickle cell disease, hemodialysis, mechanical circulatory support, and neuroinflammation. However, these inflammatory situations may have heme oxygenase-derived, coexistent carbon monoxide present, which also enhances coagulation as assessed by the same thrombelastographic variables that are affected by iron. This brief report presents a novel, Sonoclot-based method to detect iron enhanced coagulation that is independent of carbon monoxide influence. Future investigation will be required to assess the sensitivity of this new method to detect iron mediated hypercoagulability in clinical settings compared to results obtained with thrombelastographic techniques.

The Gilded Clot: Review of Metal-Modulated Platelet Activation, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis

“…As our search strategy, we combined the metal of interest with “platelet activity or aggregation,” “coagulation” or “fibrinolysis” to obtain the literature to be presented [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , ...…”

“…Importantly, there was no direct effect of FeSO 4 on thrombin-mediated fibrinogen polymerization as determined by thrombin time [ 92 ]. In sharp contrast, at concentrations varying from 0–10 µM up to 15 mM, depending on the methodology utilized, Fe 3+ , but not Fe 2+ , exposure results in enhanced coagulation kinetics and ultrastructural change in fibrin polymerization [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. SEM-based investigations demonstrated progressive matting and connections of fibrin polymers after exposure to FeCl 3 compared to unexposed fibrinogen or plasma [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

“…SEM-based investigations demonstrated progressive matting and connections of fibrin polymers after exposure to FeCl 3 compared to unexposed fibrinogen or plasma [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Coagulation kinetics observed in human plasma exposed to FeCl 3 can be characterized with a decrease in time to clot initiation and increase in the velocity of clot growth compared to plasma not exposed to FeCl 3 [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Of interest, Fe 3+ -mediated changes in clot ultrastructure were abrogated by pretreatment of fibrinogen and plasma with antioxidants effective against hydroxyl radical or chelators that bind Fe 3+ [ 29 , 30 ].…”

“…While the roles played by cellular components and circulating proteins in coagulation and fibrinolysis are widely acknowledged, the impact of metals on these processes is at best underappreciated. Specifically, there are twenty-five metals that can modulate the activity of platelets, plasmatic coagulation, and fibrinolysis [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ,…”

The value of Sonoclot detection technology to guide the clinical medication of the perioperative anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing emergent PCI

“…Sonoclot analyzer reflects on the whole process of the coagulation cascade and coagulation with intuitive signal curve as well as faster results (6). It has been successfully used in blood transfusion management in extracorporeal circulation of cardiac surgery, ICU and various tumor therapy, early diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), blood coagulation monitoring during liver transplantation and monitoring for heparin and antiplatelet drug therapy (7,8). At present, there are few studies on the effect of Sonoclot detection technology on recent thrombosis and bleeding events for using as a guide for perioperative anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy in patients with AMI undergoing emergent PCI.…”