Some observations on the fracture of austempered ductile iron

Fan, Zhengjie; Smallman, R.E.

doi:10.1016/0956-716x(94)90164-3

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It has been reported [18,19] that crack initiation in ADI starts with decohesion of the weak graphite/matrix interface. This creates a stress concentration in the matrix around the graphite nodules.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These contain carbides and are also likely to contain martensite. These regions can have an adverse effect on the fracture behavior of the material, as shown by the results of Putatunda and Singh, [19] who have shown that unalloyed ADI has a higher fracture toughness than alloyed ADI. As mentioned earlier, the first term inside the bracket in Eq.…”

Section: ͓ ␣ C Ys␣ F␣ ␥ C Ys␥ F␥͔mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…[17] and [19], we arrive at K ␣ (X C ) [20] Ic y y ␥ Therefore, according to the present model, a plot of 2 K IC against the factor y (X ␥ C ␥ ) 1/2 must result in a straight line. This was verified using the X ␥ and C ␥ values reported in Figures 8 and 10.…”

Section: ͓ ␣ C Ys␣ F␣ ␥ C Ys␥ F␥͔mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dependence of fracture toughness of austempered ductile iron on austempering temperature

Rao

Putatunda

1998

Metall Mater Trans A

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Ductile cast iron samples were austenitized at 927 ЊC and subsequently austempered for 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours at 260 ЊC, 288 ЊC, 316 ЊC, 343 ЊC, 371 ЊC, and 399 ЊC. These were subjected to a plane strain fracture toughness test. Fracture toughness was found to initially increase with austempering temperature, reach a maximum, and then decrease with further rise in temperature. The results of the fracture toughness study and fractographic examination were correlated with microstructural features such as bainite morphology, the volume fraction of retained austenite, and its carbon content. It was found that fracture toughness was maximized when the microstructure consisted of lower bainite with about 30 vol pct retained austenite containing more than 1.8 wt pct carbon. A theoretical model was developed, which could explain the observed variation in fracture toughness with austempering temperature in terms of microstructural features such as the width of the ferrite blades and retained austenite content. A plot of against y (X ␥ C ␥ ) 1/2 resulted in a 2 K IC straight line, as predicted by the model.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ͓ ␣ C Ys␣ F␣ ␥ C Ys␥ F␥͔mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Dependence of fracture toughness of austempered ductile iron on austempering temperature

Rao

Putatunda

1998

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…Therefore, thin components made with ADI have a tendency to bend [31] in service. In addition, the presence of graphite nodules in ADI can be sites for crack initiation [32,33], where fracture takes place at the graphite matrix interface. Because of these limitations of ADI, there has been a growing interest in austempered steels as structural materials, in recent years.…”

Section: Austempering Reaction In Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a high strength high toughness ausferritic steel

Putatunda

Singar

Tackett

et al. 2009

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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“…Successful application of ADI as a structural component requires optimization of its fracture toughness (17). Molybdenum and manganese are known to promote segregation (24,25) in ADI. Fracture toughness is an extremely important parameter for structural design because structural components designed on the basis of plane strain fracture toughness are expected to survive in service without undergoing catastrophic failure.…”

Section: Austempering Temperature and Fracture Toughness 247mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Austempering Temperature on Fracture Toughness of a Low Manganese Austempered Ductile Iron (Adi)

Putatunda

2001

Materials and Manufacturing Processes

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The influence of microstructure on the plane strain fracture toughness of an unalloyed, austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) with low manganese content (Ͻ0.15 wt %) and with predominantly as-cast (solidified) ferritic structure was studied. Test specimens were austenitized at 927°C (1700°F ) for 2 hr and then austempered over a range of temperatures to produce different microstructures. The microstructures were characterized through optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Plane strain fracture toughness of all these materials was determined and correlated with the microstructure. The results of the present investigation indicate that the alloy (with an initially ferritic as-cast microstructure) has higher fracture toughness with an upper ausferritic structure, i.e., when austempered in the upper bainitic temperature range (above 316°C [600°F]). This behavior was markedly different from conventional ADI with a pearlitic as-cast microstructure because the pearlitic structure shows higher fracture toughness with a lower ausferritic structure, i.e., when austempered in the lower bainitic temperature range (Ͻ316°C [600°F ]). The fracture toughness was found to increase with the increase in total austenitic carbon, i.e., XγCγ, where Xγ is the volume fraction of austenite and Cγ is the carbon content of austenite. 245

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Some observations on the fracture of austempered ductile iron

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Dependence of fracture toughness of austempered ductile iron on austempering temperature

Dependence of fracture toughness of austempered ductile iron on austempering temperature

Development of a high strength high toughness ausferritic steel

Influence of Austempering Temperature on Fracture Toughness of a Low Manganese Austempered Ductile Iron (Adi)

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