Some limiting oxygen concentrations for diffusion flames in air diluted with nitrogen

Simmons, Robert F.; Wolfhard, H. G.

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(57)90042-1

Cited by 103 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…[9], yields the results shown in Figure 5. Experiments by Morehart [8] were conducted using air diluted with products of combustion rather than nitrogen as used by Simmons and Wolfhard.…”

Section: Modeling Flame Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Analysis Of Compartment Fires With Overhead Forced Ventilation

Beyler¹

1991

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Third International Sy

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Compartment fire data with either no ventilation or forced overhead ventilation are successfully modeled as well-stirred fire environments rather than two-layer fire environments, The extinction of flames is predicted using the limiting oxygen index concept linked with a well-stirred model of the fire environment. While the fire environment in compartments with overhead ventilation is quite different than naturally-ventilated fires or fires ventilated from floor level, a temperature model previously developed by Beyler and Deal is shown to predict preflashover temperatures in forced ventilation fires.

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“…[9], yields the results shown in Figure 5. Experiments by Morehart [8] were conducted using air diluted with products of combustion rather than nitrogen as used by Simmons and Wolfhard.…”

Section: Modeling Flame Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Analysis Of Compartment Fires With Overhead Forced Ventilation

Beyler¹

1991

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Third International Sy

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“…Lower temperatures are applicable for gases like hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and acetylene for example. The generality of this finding was increased by the work of White Simmons and Wolfhard [7] first and Ishizuka and Tsuji [8] later showed that the concept was also useful for defining the extent of dilution of a diffusion flame needed to extinguish the flame (oxygen index). They found that the AFT evaluated for a stoichiometric mixture of the fuel gas and the diluted oxygen stream was approximately the same as for the LFL AFTs found for premixed systems.…”

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confidence: 94%

A brief history of the prediction of flame extinction based upon flame temperature

Beyler

2005

Fire and Materials

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So often, researchers pursue theoretical approaches with little apparent recognition of the work that has been done before. This seems to be the case in 'A theory for flame extinction based upon flame temperature', by Quintiere and Rangwala [1] recently published in Fire and Materials. The concept of an extinction criteria based upon flame temperature can be traced back nearly a century to the work of Burgess and Wheeler [2]. They recognized that at the lower flammable limit (LFL), the adiabatic flame temperature (AFT) is about 1600 K for a wide range of hydrocarbons. Lower temperatures are applicable for gases like hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and acetylene for example. The generality of this finding was increased by the work of White Simmons and Wolfhard [7] first and Ishizuka and Tsuji [8] later showed that the concept was also useful for defining the extent of dilution of a diffusion flame needed to extinguish the flame (oxygen index). They found that the AFT evaluated for a stoichiometric mixture of the fuel gas and the diluted oxygen stream was approximately the same as for the LFL AFTs found for premixed systems.Roberts and Quince [9] examined pool fire extinction as a heat loss process where heat transfer back to the fuel surface dominates the heat extraction to cause extinction. Building on this work Rasbash [10][11][12][13] [18,19] examined piloted ignition within the context of firepoint theory. Beyler used firepoint theory in the prediction of ignition of a hot gas layer in a room fire [20] and in predicting fire suppression [21]. Ewing et al.

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“…All three studied the effect of added nitrogen. Simmons and Wolfhard [71], Ishizuka and Tsuji [72], and Puri and Seshadri [69] reported LOI values for added nitrogen of 0.139, 0.143, and 0.15, respectively, which correspond to 33.8%, 31.9%, and 28.6% by volume nitrogen added to air. These three measurements are in reasonable agreement.…”

Section: Effects Of Nitrogen Addition On Diffusion Flame Extinctiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and identification of super-effective thermal fire extinguishing agents :

Pitts¹,

Yang²,

Bryant³

et al. 2006

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Some limiting oxygen concentrations for diffusion flames in air diluted with nitrogen

Cited by 103 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis Of Compartment Fires With Overhead Forced Ventilation

Analysis Of Compartment Fires With Overhead Forced Ventilation

A brief history of the prediction of flame extinction based upon flame temperature

Characterization and identification of super-effective thermal fire extinguishing agents :

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