\ Sui\<'\ K I-SI\i \iii\-m I It n in/mii III i 'm pnnil mn , Snnhi Mniiim, I ul i Im n in Fifteen experimental English language question-answering systems which are programmed and operating are described and reviewed. The systems range from a conversation machine to programs which make sentences about pictures and systems which translate from English into logical calculi. Systems are classified as list-structured data-based, graphic data-based, text-based and inferential. Principles and methods of operations are detailed and discussed. It is concluded that the data-base question-answerer has passed from miUal research into the early developmental phase. The most difficult and important research questions for the odvancement of general-purpose language processors ore seen to be concerned with measuring meaning, dealing with ambiguities, translating into formal languages and searching large tree structures.
The inhibition of the thermal reaction between hydrogen and oxygen by hydrogen bromide lias bccn studied over a wide range of mixture composition and vessel diameter at 50072 using vessels coated with boric acid. Under these conditions, surface reactions arc unimportant and the inhibition arises through the sequence of reactions : H+HBr = H24-Br
A system is described for generating English sentences from a form of semantic nets in which the nodes are word-sense meanings and the paths are primarily deep case relations. The grammar used by the system is in the form of a network that imposes an ordering on a set of syntactic transformations that are expressed as LISP functions. The generation algorithm uses the information in the semantic network to select appropri ate generation paths through the grammar.The system is designed for use as a computational tool that allows a linguist to develop and study methods for generating surface strings from an underlying semantic structure. Initial findings with regard to form determiners such as voice, form, tense, and mood, some rules for embedding sentences, and some attention to pronominal substitution are reported. The system is programmed in LISP 1.5 and is available from the authors.
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