Analysis Of Compartment Fires With Overhead Forced Ventilation

Beyler, Craig L.

doi:10.3801/iafss.fss.3-291

Cited by 42 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…A similar behavior has been observed for naturally ventilated compartments with small openings (low natural ventilated conditions) [4,5]. From that moment on, the pool fire burn; in a vitiated atmosphere due to the presence of combustion products, which most often leads to extinction of the flame as soon as the oxygen concentration in the gaseous mixture drops below a critical value between 11% and 15% expressed in terms of mole fraction [3,6,7,8]. A recent study by Sugawa et A1 [5], dealing with a small-sized room (3 m long, 2 m wide and 0.6 m high) which had in its center a pool fire (methanol) of 0.30 m in diameter, has shown a behavior of the flame that is not common during the phase preceding fire extinction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Under these under-ventilated conditions, the hot upper layer progressively invades all the compartment and a single hot layer is formed from a mixture of air and combustion products. It is then said that the fire is controlled by ventilation and the room on fire has a well-stirred compartment behavior as described by Beyler [3]. A similar behavior has been observed for naturally ventilated compartments with small openings (low natural ventilated conditions) [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…, CO lower (al) 0 0 Figure 7 : Vertical temperature evolution at the room center During the second step ranging from t = 300 s to 600 s (noted step b in Figure 9), the temperatures measured in the fire compartment and at the opening do not evolve much ( Figures 4 , 7 and 8) ; on the other hand, in the center of the room, the 0, concentration in the lower zone keeps decreasing to reach about 2% at t = 600 s and the CO, concentration increases to reach nearly the same volume fraction than the upper zone. Considering the very low 0, concentration in the room, one can assume that the flame is below its extinction limit, usually assessed between 10% and 15% for most hydrocarbons [3,6,7,111. However, the temperature curves close to the pool fire ( Figure 8) indicate that the flame is probably not extinguished.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Real Scenario For A Ghosting Flame

Audouin¹,

Such²,

Malet³

et al. 1997

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 5th International Symp

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An experimental study is presented of a full-scale compartment fire. The room is 10 m long, 3.75 m wide and 2.50 m high. One end of the room is closed and the other one has an opening of 0.8 x 0.8 mZ in its center. A pool of TBPITPH liquid fuel (1 mZ) is placed at 2 m from the closed end in order to simulate an accidental fire of solvents in nuclear plants. These particular conditions result in a fire that is controlled by natural ventilation and the whole room being quickly invaded by combustion products and fuel gases. The temperature in the compartment quickly increases up to about 560 "C. It is then observed that the flame migrates from the original fuel surface towards the opening over a distance of 8 m with a displacement velocity ranging from 4 to 8 c d s . This flame presents characteristics similar to those of the ghosting flame described by Sugawa et al. Then the fire stabilizes at the opening of the room until there is no more liquid fuel available in the pool fire. The collected experimental data consists of temperatures, concentrations of chemical species (02, C02, CO), pressure in the fire room and recordings by means of a video camera.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Real Scenario For A Ghosting Flame

Audouin¹,

Such²,

Malet³

et al. 1997

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 5th International Symp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These forces yield a substantial recirculation flow that acts to create a uniform, well-mixed environment. Beyler [7] and Peatross and Beyler [8] have identified that the species concentrations are generally more uniform than temperature because species are not lost to compartment boundaries, while thermal energy is lost to these surfaces. Because of the heat loss dynamics, temperature non-uniformities are present.…”

Section: Fssim Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Numerical Simulations of Compartment Fires with Forced or Natural Ventilation Using the Fire and Smoke Simulator (FSSIM), CFAST and FDS

Williamson¹,

Beyler²,

Floyd³

2011

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 10th International Sym

Self Cite

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The Fire and Smoke Simulator (FSSIM) Version 1.5 is a continuous time, physics-based simulation of the spread of fire and smoke inside a multi-level, multi-compartment geometry with complex ventilation. The model was developed to aid designers in analyzing the effect of changes in fire protection systems (both passive and active) and compartment layout on fire spread potential. It is also used to provide data on firerelated phenomena (e.g. temperature, smoke, activation of detection system, and effectiveness of active or passive fire protection) to support recoverability and vulnerability analyses. Extensive verification and validation exercises have been performed to demonstrate the applicability of FSSIM for use as a large scale fire hazard analysis tool. Additionally, a novel methodology to account for the known stratification effects of elevated fuel packages has been investigated in FSSIM. The current effort will examine the performance of FSSIM in simulating the 1986 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) enclosure fire tests. The performance of FSSIM will then be compared to other commonly used fire simulation tools, including the Consolidated Model of Fire and Smoke Transport (CFAST), and the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS).This study is intended to demonstrate the relative level of accuracy that can be obtained from several fire models using simplistic methodologies such as those that may be employed in the design evaluation stage of fire hazard analysis. This effort supports the use of single zone models in the design and fire hazard analysis of highly complex buildings with multiple challenging design fire scenarios.

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“…The main applications for which research has been conducted are the use of positive pressure ventilation (PPV) techniques for smoke control [1], the interest of forced ventilated fire scenarios [14,15] or the HVAC (heat ventilation air conditioning) system in buildings [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doorway Flows Induced by the Combined Effects of Natural and Forced Ventilation in a Three Compartment Assembly

Pretrel¹,

Audouin²

2011

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 10th International Sym

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This research deals with the combined effects of fire and mechanical ventilation on the bidirectional flow occurring at a doorway for a fire scenario with a three compartment assembly. Based on large-scale fire tests, an experimental campaign has been carried out in order to investigate the effect of the ventilation rate and the fire heat release rate on doorway flow. The analysis focused on the velocity profiles at the doorway, the location of the neutral plane and the amplitude of the velocities entering and leaving the fire compartment. The conclusions point out the significant effects of the ventilation on the features of the doorway flow. The mechanical ventilation modified the relative contribution of inflows and outflows and might stop the release of smoke. Moreover, the position of the doorway in relation to the fire location and the direction of the ventilation flow have to be considered. A correlative approach has been proposed to support the analysis.KEYWORDS: compartment fires, smoke, doorway, mechanical ventilation, buoyancy, pressure. NOMENCLATURE LISTING

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Analysis Of Compartment Fires With Overhead Forced Ventilation

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

A Real Scenario For A Ghosting Flame

A Real Scenario For A Ghosting Flame

Validation of Numerical Simulations of Compartment Fires with Forced or Natural Ventilation Using the Fire and Smoke Simulator (FSSIM), CFAST and FDS

Doorway Flows Induced by the Combined Effects of Natural and Forced Ventilation in a Three Compartment Assembly

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