Some environmental problems associated with the use of treated wastewater for irrigation in Jordan

Residues and source identification of persistent organic pollutants in farmland soils irrigated by effluents from biological treatment plants

“…It is anticipated that recycling of SWTP effluent for agriculture, landscape and refill of ground water will become important practice in near future in cities such as Beijing. However, effluents from SWTP could contain heavy metals and persistent organic contaminants, which are originated from both domestic and industrial discharges (Al-Nakshabandi et al, 1997;Blanchard et al, 2001;Singh et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2001). There were plenty of research work focused on heavy metal accumulation and transfer between soil and water in farmlands that using wastewater or effluents from SPT for irrigation (Karvelas et al, 2003;Zheng et al, 2001;Zhu, 2001).…”

Global Experiences on Wastewater Irrigation: Challenges and Prospects

“…When the treated effl uent was used to irrigate crops in Jordan, a very low coliform count was found on fruit skin. However, there was an increase in eggplant production, probably due to the nutritive value of the effl uent (Al-Nakshabandi et al 1997 ). In other research in Jordan, Shahalam et al ( 1998 ) showed that the yields resulting from the use of wastewater without fertiliser were compatible with those with the use of freshwater with fertiliser.…”

“…The clogging hazard of an emitter with a higher discharge rate is smaller than that of a similar emitter with lower discharge rates. Clogging of the drip irrigation system was not a signifi cant problem when treated wastewater was used for irrigation in Jordan, and was easily controlled with acid and chlorine (Al-Nakshabandi et al 1997 ).…”

Nutrient inputs in soil cultivated with coffee crop fertigated with domestic sewage

“…Léon and Cavallini (1999) avowed that wastewaters are effective in nutrient transport required for crops and also reported increases in bean and fruit yields, principally due to nitrogen provision. Al Nakshabandi et al (1997) observed increases in egg plant yields, probably regarded to effluent nutrients. Hespanhol (2002) reported better yields in beans, potato, cotton, wheat and rice.…”

“…, sum of bases (SB), organic matter, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (V) and micronutrients (Al-Nakshabandi et al, 1997;Falkiner and Smith, 1997;Léon and Cavalinni, 1999;Fonseca, 2001;Jnad et al, 2001;Hespanhol, 2002;Medeiros et al, 2005;Souza et al, 2005;Toze, 2006;Heidapour et al, 2007;Morari andGiardini, 2009, Ferreira et al, 2010), despite benefic alterations in soil hydraulic conductivity, infiltration rate and apparent density, mainly due to the great amount of organic matter added (Matos, 2003), which acts like a soil conditioner, enhancing its water retention capacity (WHO, 2004). Fonseca (2001) and Souza et al (2005) reported substantial reductions in conventional fertilizers, eliminating indeed nitrogen fertilization.…”