Somatic embryogenesis in sisal ( Agave sisalana Perr. ex. Engelm)

Abstract

A protocol has been developed for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of sisal (Agave sisalana Perr. ex. Engelm). Embryogenic callus cultures were initiated from young shoots raised in vitro from the stem portion of the bulbil on medium supplemented with 1-2 mg l(-1) kinetin (KN) and 0.2-0.5 mg l(-1) alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid plus KN or 1-1.5 mg l(-1 )benzylaminopurine (BAP) or 0.25-0.5 mg l(-1 )2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid plus BAP or 0.5-1.0 mg l(-1) KN. Embryos at various developmental stages (globular-, heart- or torpedo-shaped) produced mature and germinating embryos on being transferred to a new medium containing 0-0.25 mg l(-1 )KN. After 28 days, a maximum of 76% germinated embryos was obtained on a medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l(-1) KN. The capacity for embryogenesis remained constant in the callus upon subculturing on the same medium for more than 48 months. Histological observations showed a distinct multicellular origin for most of the somatic embryos as they developed from epidermal, sub-epidermal and inside callus cells, while a few of them originated from a superficial callus cell. Plantlets regenerated from embryos were transferred to the field where their survival rate was 100%.

Plant growth regulators optimization for maximize shoots number in Agave americana L. by indirect organogenesis

“…ex Salm-Dyck (Binh et al 1990), A. parrasana A. Berger (Santacruz-Ruvalcaba et al 1999, A. victoria-reginae T. Moore (Rodríguez-Garay et al 1996, Martínez-Palacios et al 2003, A. sisalana Perrine ex Engelm. (Nikam 1997, Hazra et al 2002, Nikam et al 2003 and A. tequilana F.A.C. Weber (Castro-Concha et al 1990, Robert et al 1992.…”

In Vitro Regeneration of Shoots From Nodal Explants of Dendrobium Chrysotoxum Lindl

“…The cells with dense cytoplasm and conspicuous nuclei were involved in formation of the globules (Fig 2a), which is an important characteristic feature of the embryogenic cells as earlier studied in many species belonging to genus Allium cepa (Eady et al 1998); Lycium barbarum (Li et al 2001); Agave sisalana (Nikam et al 2003) and in orchid Malaxis acuminate (Kaur & Bhutani 2010). These globules gradually grew in size, having no vascular connections with the surrounding peripheral tissues and eventually transformed into PLBs.…”

Somatic Embryogenesis in Agave: An Overview

“…Most studies on SE of the Agave species have reported indirect SE (González Oramas et al 2002;Martínez-Palacios et al 2003;Nikam et al 2003;Portillo and Santacruz-Ruvalcaba 2006a, b;Portillo et al 2007;Tejavathi et al 2007;Arzate-Fernández and Mejía-Franco 2011;Rodríguez-Sahagún et al 2011;Dos Santos Carneiro et al 2014) (Table 17.1). Direct SE has been reported only in A. victoriae-reginae (Rodríguez-Garay et al 1996) and A. fourcroydes (Monja-Mio and Robert 2013).…”

“…sisalana (Dos Santos Carneiro et al 2014). In the latter species, Nikam et al (2003) reported that callus obtained from the stems of bulbils did not lead to the induction of embryos, whereas callus obtained from the base of the shoots (from bulblets) that were placed on induction media generated embryos. The use of zygotic embryonic axis explants has been reported in A. angustifolia, demonstrating their ability to form an embryogenic callus (Arzate-Fernández and Mejía-Franco 2011).…”