Somatic embryogenesis in Agave tequilana Weber cultivar azul

Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis was achieved from leaves of Agave tequilana Weber cultivar azul utilizing MS medium supplemented with L2 vitamins and the addition of cytokinins: 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 1-phenyl-3(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea (TDZ), 6-(γ-γ-dimethylamino)purine (2ip) and 6-furfurylaminopurine (KIN), combined with the auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Differences among the six genotypes studied with regard to their embryogenic response in culture were found. Embryos produced by genotype S3 under a hormone regime of high cytokinin (44.4 to 66.6 μM BA) compared to auxin (4.5 μM 2,4-D) contained chlorophyll, whereas those produced when auxin was high compared to cytokinin (9.0 and 13.6 μM 2,4-D and 1.3 and 4.0 μM BA, respectively) were whitish and morphologically similar to their zygotic counterparts. Somatic embryos matured and germinated after transferring the embryogenic calli to maturation and germination medium without growth regulators and enriched with organic nitrogen. Microscopic observations demonstrated a unicellular origin for production of indirect somatic embryos.

Plant Somatic Embryogenesis: Some Useful Considerations

“…Like their zygotic counterparts, somatic embryos have a single cell origin (Rao, 1996). The single cell origin of somatic embryos has been elegantly reported by several authors, in particular, this unicellular origin of somatic embryos has been reported in Agave tequilana (Gutiérrez-Mora et al, 2004;Portillo et al, 2007).…”

“…In this revision the cellular process is illustrated by the formation of a somatic embryo of Agave tequilana Weber cultivar Azul (Gutiérrez-Mora et al, 2004;Portillo et al, 2007).…”

Plant growth regulators optimization for maximize shoots number in Agave americana L. by indirect organogenesis

“…Our results are similar to those reported by Robert et al (1987) since using 0.11 μM of 2,4-D obtained callus in A. sisalana. Numerous studies have shown that 2,4-D induces somatic embryogenesis in many plant species (Aviles-Viñas et al 2012, Portillo et al 2007, Santana-Buzzy et al 2009, Zapata-Castillo et al 2007, Zuo et al 2002. However, the 2,4-D concentration used is a critical factor.…”

Indução e histologia de embriões somáticos primários e secundários do híbrido Phalaenopsis Classic Spotted Pink (Orchidaceae)

“…K. Schum., Portillo et al, (2007) (Correia e Canhoto, 2010). A formação, ou não, de uma estrutura semelhante ao suspensor pode estar relacionada a diferentes origens dos embriões somáticos, podendo o mesmo apresentar uma origem unicelular, que geralmente forma um suspensor, ou terem origem multicelular, não formando essa estrutura, sendo apenas provenientes de um grupo de células, que estão ligadas ao tecido da planta-mãe por uma ampla região (Williams e Maheswaran, 1986).…”