Somaclonal and Gametoclonal Variation

Evans, David A.; Sharp, W. R.; Medina-Filho, H. P.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1984.tb14141.x

Cited by 168 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Isozyme patterns have been used to detect changes during regeneration as they play a vital role in development and differentiation (Orton 1983, Evans et al 1984, Chawla 1988. Isozyme study has been suggested as a valuable tool in identifying genetic and epigenetic changes (Michel 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Callusing and Regeneration in Trifolium resupinatum-A Fodder Legume

et al. 2006

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SummaryIn vitro regeneration protocol was developed in Trifolium resupinatum, an important fodder legume in Northwestern India. Out of 6 explants (leaf, petiole, hypocotyl, cotyledon, collar and root) tried for callus induction in 2 different media, good response was observed from hypocotyl and root explants in 'A' medium. Successful regeneration was obtained from callus induced from hypocotyl, cotyledon and root in 'A' followed with subculture in 'E' medium. One of the regenerated plantlet was characterized and compared with mother plant for isozyme-banding pattern. Wide variation for isozyme banding pattern for SOD, Peroxidase and GOT enzyme indicates the regenerant to be a somaclonal variant. Thus, in vitro regeneration will help in widening the genetic base of the species.Key words Trifolium resupinatum, Fodder, Regeneration, Tissue culture.Plant tissue, cell and protoplast cultures are useful tools for crop improvement, especially as supplementary means of inducing variability through tissue culture instability and somaclonal variations (Scowcroft 1984). Trifolium resupinatum (Shaftal or Persian clover) is an important cultivated winter annual fodder legume grown widely in subtropical and sub temperate areas of India. The species has previously been frequently introduced in different parts of Europe and cultivated as fodder crop in northwestern subtropical zones. It is a multicut crop and is favoured by farmers for its high quality, good yield and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress.Narrow genetic base in this crop hampers its genetic improvement programme. The conventional breeding efforts have failed to generate variability for making effective selection. In this study, efforts were made to develop and characterize somaclonal variants in this crop by using in vitro tissue culture methods. Materials and methodsHealthy seeds of T. resupinatum (SH 97-49) were surface sterilized using 0.1% HgCl 2 for 2 min followed by 4-5 rinsing with sterile water and germinated on basal MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) containing 3% sucrose and 0.7% agar without any growth regulators. Six explants viz., leaf, petiole, hypocotyl, cotyledon, collar and root were taken from 21-23 d old seedlings. Two combinations of auxin and cytokinin in the medium were studied for callus induction efficiency. The medium 'A' contained L2 basal medium (Phillips and Collins 1984) supplemented with 0.05 mg/l NAA and 0.1 mg/l BAP, whereas medium 'A-1' contained L2 basal medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l BAP. Initially the explants were kept in dark for callus induction and after 5 d of inoculation the cultures were provided with a photoperiod of 10 h. After shoot emergence, the light

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Callusing and Regeneration in Trifolium resupinatum-A Fodder Legume

et al. 2006

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“…As três plantas que apresentaram resistência moderada, e utilizadas para nova indução de calos e regeneração das plantas, mostraram maior variabilidade no tocante a todas características, incluindo resistência à brusone. O incremento nas variações desejadas foi obtido através do segundo ciclo de seleção, conforme o procedimento sugerido por Evans et al (1984). Estes resultados mostraram a importância da indução e da regeneração, a partir de plantas nas gerações iniciais de cultivo de células.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Mutações gênicas foram comumente obtidas em somaclones, e uma das estratégias de melhoramento inclui a utilização da cultivar melhorada para incorporação de uma característica específica como resistência às doenças, mediante a cultura de tecidos. O incremento de variabilidade genética para características desejáveis pode ser obtido a partir de plantas R 2 que não apresentaram grau de resistência adequado (Evans et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Variantes somaclonais da cultivar de arroz Bluebelle resistentes à brusone

Araújo

Prabhu

Filippi

et al. 2001

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo A brusone, causada por Pyricularia grisea, constitui fator limitante da produtividade do arroz irrigado, principalmente no Estado do Tocantins. A detecção de variabilidade genética quanto à resistência à brusone em cultivares suscetíveis, como a Bluebelle, considerada uma das cultivarespadrões quanto à qualidade dos grãos, foi o principal objetivo deste trabalho. O procedimento adotado incluiu a indução de calos provenientes de panículas imaturas, regeneração, avaliação e seleção das plantas R 2 resistentes à doença. O mesmo procedimento foi utilizado para nova indução de calos e regeneração de plantas a partir de três plantas R 2 selecionadas. Foi realizada a avaliação e a seleção de plantas resistentes nas gerações R 2 e R 4 em viveiro de brusone. Nos testes realizados em casa de vegetação com três isolados coletados da cultivar Metica-1, pertencentes aos patótipos IB-41 e IB-45 de P. grisea, todos os 47 somaclones R 6 foram resistentes. Por outro lado, os somaclones apresentaram reações diferenciais frente a cinco isolados provenientes de somaclones da cultivar Bluebelle, e resistên-cia a um isolado proveniente da cultivar Bluebelle, enquanto a cultivar Bluebelle foi suscetível a todos os isolados. Estes resultados indicaram variação genética no que diz respeito à resistência à brusone, na segunda fase de indução de calos e na regeneração de plantas. Dos 47 somaclones R 6 , 22 apresentaram alto grau de resistência vertical nos testes conduzidos nos viveiros de brusone em quatro locais, e poderão ser utilizados como novas fontes de resistência.Termos para indexação: Oryza sativa, Pyricularia grisea, cultura de tecidos, variação somaclonal, resistência a doenças. Blast resistant somaclonal variants of rice cultivar BluebelleAbstract Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia grisea, is the major yield constraint in irrigated rice mainly in the State of Tocantins. The detection of genetic variability for blast resistance in susceptible cultivars such as Bluebelle, considered as a standard for superior grain quality, was the main objective of the present investigation. The adopted procedure included the induction of callus from the immature panicles, regeneration, evaluation and selection of R 2 plants for blast resistance. The same procedure was repeated using three selected R 2 plants. The disease assessment and selection of blast resistant plants were done in R 2 and R 4 generations in blast nursery. In greenhouse tests with three isolates obtained from the cultivar Metica-1 belonging to pathotypes IB-41 and IB-45 of P. grisea, all of the 47 somaclones R 6 were resistant. They showed differential reaction to five isolates of somaclones and were resistant to one isolate derived from cultivar Bluebelle, while cultivar Bluebelle was susceptible to all isolates. These results indicated genetic variation for blast resistance in second step of induction and regeneration of plants. Of these 47 somaclones R 6 , 22 showed a high degree of vertical resistance in blast nursery tests conducted at four locations and can be u...

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“…However, the somaclonal variations have a great potential for the crop-improvement [7]. These variations have been evaluated for morphological traits like pigment production, biochemical characters like nicotine synthesis, chromosome number and structure [8]. Somaclonal variations can be artificially induced by in vitro mutagenesis using various physical as well as chemical agents and by the polyploidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Enhancement of Bacoside in Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) Using Colchicine

Av¹,

Ns²,

Ma³

et al. 2017

J Plant Biochem Physiol

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Somaclonal and Gametoclonal Variation

Cited by 168 publications

References 48 publications

In vitro Callusing and Regeneration in Trifolium resupinatum-A Fodder Legume

In vitro Callusing and Regeneration in Trifolium resupinatum-A Fodder Legume

Variantes somaclonais da cultivar de arroz Bluebelle resistentes à brusone

In Vitro Enhancement of Bacoside in Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) Using Colchicine

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