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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of silicon (Si) and rice growth stages on tissue susceptibility to sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) under controlled conditions. Rice plants (cv. Rio Formoso) were grown in pots containing low-Si soil amended with Si at 0, 0.48, 0.96, 1.44, and 1.92 g pot(-1) and inoculated with R. solani at the following days after emergence: 45 (four-leaf stage), 65 (eight-leaf stage), 85 (tillering), 117 (booting), and 130 (panicle exsertion). For plants inoculated with R. solani at all growth stages, Si concentration in straw increased as rate of Si increased from 0 to 1.92 g pot(-1). Concentration of calcium in the straw did not differ among plant growth stages. Although incubation period was not affected by the amount of Si added to the soil, this variable was shorter at booting and panicle exsertion stages. As the rates of Si increased in the soil, the total number of sheath blight lesions on sheaths and total area under the relative lesion extension curve decreased at all plant growth stages. The severity of sheath blight was lower at booting and panicle exsertion stages as the rates of Si increased in the soil. In general, plants grown in Si-nonamended pots and inoculated with R. solani were more vulnerable to infection at all growth stages, but especially at 45 days after emergence. Plant dry weights for inoculated plants increased as the Si rates increased from 0 to 1.92 g pot(-1). The greatest dry weight increases occurred for plants inoculated at booting and panicle exsertion stages. Si fertilization is a promising method for controlling sheath blight in areas where soil is Si deficient and when cultivars that exhibit an acceptable level of resistance to sheath blight are not available for commercial use.

_ Phenotypic virulence analysis was made on population of Pyricularia grisea isolates collected from 10 upland cultivars in three distinct rice breeding sites, with the objective of studying the degree of similarity in the phenotypic virulence among the isolates, the composition of races, and their virulence pattern. Sixteen races were identified based on the reaction type on eight standard international differentials, the predominant ones being IB-9 and IB-41. The virulence frequency was high on IAC 47 and IAC 165 among medium and early maturing cultivars, respectively. The frequency of isolates virulent was greater on upland rice cultivars (51.1%) than on irrigated rice cultivars (21.8%). Both virulent and avirulent isolates were present in the population of P. grisea to the known genes in the near isogenic lines. Of 72 test isolates, 94.4% were virulent for genes Pi-3 and Pi-4a. The virulence frequencies were relatively lower in decreasing order on Pi-1, Pi-4b and Pi-2. The coefficient of similarity ranged from 0.28 to 1.0 among the isolates pertaining to different races, while within the race IB-9, it varied from 0.56 to 1.0. Considering the coefficient of similarity of 0.81, 72% of isolates of race IB-9 exhibited similar pattern of virulence.Index terms: pathotype, Oryza sativa, Magnaporthe grisea, physiologic races, pathogenicity. Análise fenotípica da virulência dos isolados de Pyricularia grisea, coletados em cultivares de arroz de terras altasResumo _ Foi conduzido um estudo de virulência fenotípica da população de Pyricularia grisea, coletada de 10 cultivares de arroz de terras altas, em três locais distintos, objetivando determinar o grau de similaridade entre virulência fenotípica de isolados, a composição de raças fisiológicas e seu padrão de virulência nas cultivares de arroz. Identificaram-se 16 raças, com base no tipo de reação nas oito diferenciadoras internacionais, das quais IB-9 e IB-41 foram as predominantes. A freqüência de virulência foi alta nas cultivares IAC 47 e IAC 165 entre as de ciclo médio e precoce, respectivamente. A freqüência dos isolados virulentos nas cultivares de terras altas foi maior (51,1%) do que nas cultivares irrigadas (21,8%). Ambos os isolados virulentos e avirulentos às linhas isogênicas estavam presentes na população de P. grisea testada. Dos 72 isolados estudados, 94,4% foram virulentos aos genes Pi-3 e Pi-4a. A freqüência de virulência foi relativamente baixa, em ordem decrescente, em Pi-1, Pi-4b e Pi-2. O coeficiente de similaridade variou de 0,28 a 1,0 entre as diferentes raças dos isolados. O coeficiente de similaridade entre os isolados pertencentes ao grupo IB-9 variou de 0,56 a 1,0. Considerando o coeficiente de similaridade de 0,81, 72% dos isolados IB-9 apresentaram o mesmo padrão de virulência.Termos para indexação: patótipo, Oryza sativa, Magnaporthe grisea, raça fisiológica, patogenicidade.