Solvent Extraction of Zirconium with Tributyl Phosphate¹

Solvent extraction separation of Zr and Hf from nitric acid solutions by PC 88A and its mixture with other extractants

“…TBP has been used on the separation of zirconium from hafnium in nitric acid medium [16,21]. As reported by Banda et al, an efficient separation of Zr from Hf is achieved by using TOPO from 2.5 to 3 M HCl condition [11].…”

“…Nitrate medium has been explored for the separation of zirconium and hafnium by TBP on a commercial scale from 1950s [16]. In TBP/HNO 3 process, 3 M nitric acid solution containing zirconium and hafnium and 3.5 M sodium nitrate as salting out agent is contacted counter currently with 60% (v/v) TBP in kerosene.…”

Volumetric and acoustic properties of binary mixtures of tri-n-butyl phosphate with n-hexane, cyclohexane, and n-heptane from T=(298.15 to 323.15)K

“…It has been widely used for extraction of various types of organic compounds, metal ions including ones used as nuclear fuel and inorganic acids from aqueous solutions [5][6][7][8][9]. A proper choice of a diluent is equally important whether it is for the dissolution of the extractant or for decreasing the extent of metal loading to avoid criticality, for example in case of extraction of Pu by PUREX process.…”

Solvent Extraction of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) from Sulfuric Acid Solutions by Acidic Extractants and Their Mixtures with TBP

“…Conventionally, two different solvent extraction techniques are employed for the separation of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV): (1) MIBK -thiocyanic -hydrochloric acid process; 4,5) and (2) TBP -nitric acid process. 6,7) Hf(IV) is preferentially extracted over Zr(IV) as hafnyl thiocyanate in the MIBK process, while TBP has a selectivity for Zr(IV). In developing a separation process, selective extraction of a minor element (Hf(IV)) from major one (Zr(IV)) is more desirable in terms of economics.…”