Solvent Extraction of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) from Sulfuric Acid Solutions by Acidic Extractants and Their Mixtures with TBP

Wang, Ling Yun; Lee, Man Seung

doi:10.7844/kirr.2016.25.2.3

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…In nature, zirconium metal exists in two minerals: zircon (ZrSiO 4 ) and baddeleyite (ZrO 2 ) (Wang and Lee 2016 ; Wang et al 2013 ). The zircon mineral is widely found in the ground along with igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, as well as heavy residual rocks or beach sand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zirconium preconcentration from zircon raffinate using gamma radiation–induced polymerization of reduced graphene oxide composite

Ali

Abdo

El-Shazly

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Zirconium is commonly used as a cladding material for nuclear reactors. The purity of the zirconium material seeks to control reactor efficiency. A novel composite of reduced graphene oxide–grafted polyacrylic acid, malic acid, and trioctylamine (rGO-g-PAA-MA/TOA) was prepared using in situ radical polymerization with gamma radiation at a dose of 25 KGy from a 60Co cell to preconcentrate zirconium Zr(IV) from zircon raffinate. Five distinct rGO-g-PAA-MA/TOA composite compositions were created and evaluated. The best composite composition was 62.95% acrylic acid, 15.8% malic acid, and 15.8% trioctylamine. After 60 min, the sorption reaction reached equilibrium at pH 0.35 and 20 °C. The pseudo nth order indicated that the order of the sorption reaction was 1.8476. The Elovich model and Dubinin-Radushkevich model controlled the kinetic mechanism and adsorption isotherm of the sorption reaction, respectively; based on estimated regression plots and quantitatively with three different error functions: coefficient of determination (R2), chi-square statistic (χ2), and corrected Akaike information (AICc). The adsorption capacity of rGO-g-PAA-MA/TOA was 75.06 mg g−1. Exothermic reaction and spontaneous sorption took place. Using 2 M H2SO4, 98% of the zirconium was efficiently desorbed. The separation of contaminated Ti(IV) from desorbed Zr(IV) by raising pH to 2.5 through hydrolysis and ZrO2 formation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zirconium preconcentration from zircon raffinate using gamma radiation–induced polymerization of reduced graphene oxide composite

Ali

Abdo

El-Shazly

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Separation of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) from hydrochloric acid solutions by solvent extraction with Cyanex 301 and LIX 63

Truong

Lee

2018

Minerals Engineering

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The effect of molar ratio and flow velocity on the surface area required for pertraction of a Zr/Hf mixture

Malan

Westhuizen

Neomagus

et al. 2019

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Zirconium (Zr) and hafnium (Hf) need to be separated before being used in nuclear applications. Equilibria data have shown that Hf can be selectively extracted over Zr from a sulphate medium using organophosphorus extractants. This study investigated a modification of Zr and Hf solvent extraction whereby a hollow-fibre membrane contactor was used to separate the aqueous and organic phases, termed pertraction (PX). The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the molar D2EHPA:Hf ratio and the volumetric flow rate on the estimated surface area required for an industrial PX extraction unit. Equilibrium experiments showed that the maximum separation factor (8.8) was found at D2EHPA:Hf ratio of 350:1. Mass transfer coefficients and kinetic selectivities of hafnium and zirconium were determined using a hollow fibre PX set-up. Variables investigated were: i) D2EHPA concentration, and ii) volumetric flow rate at a constant organic to aqueous ratio. The mass transfer coefficients of hafnium and zirconium and the separation ratio increased at higher flow rates. The best experimental conditions estimate that an industrial extraction unit capable of producing 500 ton per annum nuclear grade zirconium would require approximately 3 200 m2 membrane surface area, at a volumetric flow rate of 1.7 m3.h-1 when operated under similar conditions to those in this study.

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Solvent Extraction of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) from Sulfuric Acid Solutions by Acidic Extractants and Their Mixtures with TBP

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Zirconium preconcentration from zircon raffinate using gamma radiation–induced polymerization of reduced graphene oxide composite

Zirconium preconcentration from zircon raffinate using gamma radiation–induced polymerization of reduced graphene oxide composite

Separation of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) from hydrochloric acid solutions by solvent extraction with Cyanex 301 and LIX 63

The effect of molar ratio and flow velocity on the surface area required for pertraction of a Zr/Hf mixture

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