Solubility, pH Changes and Releasing Elements of Different Bioceramic and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Root Canal Sealers Comparative Study

Abstract

Introduction: Bioceramic technology has been introduced recently in endodontics to benefit from the formation of hydroxyapatite during the setting reaction in the presence of tissue fluid and establish a chemical bond at the dentin interface. Objectives: To evaluate some of physiochemical properties of new different Bioceramic (iRoot-SP, EndoSequence, Smartpastebio) versus mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA-Fillapex) root canal sealers. Adseal and ActiV-GP sealers were used as control. Methods: Standard discs (10 for each) were prepared and immersed in 20 ml deionized water. After 1, 7, 14 and 28 days, solubility, pH changes and released elements were calculated and statistically analyzed with ANOVA test. Results: A significantly greater solubility and higher alkalinity were displayed by the tested sealers (in descending order) Smartpastebio, iRoot-SP, EndoSequence and MTA-Fillapex (P<0.05). Their solubility exceeded the acceptable limit (3%). Their maximum alkaline pH was exhibited after 7 days. Adseal and ActiV-GP exhibited initial neutral and acidic pH respectively. Finally both had neutral pH. EndoSequence exhibited the significantly greatest calcium release followed by iRoot-SP, Smartpastebio and MTA-Fillapex, whereas, ActiV-GP and Adseal exhibited the significantly lowest values (P<0.05). There was no silicon released from iRoot-SP, Smartpastebio and MTA-Fillapex. ActiV-GP exhibited the greatest silicon, aluminum and iron release. The greatest phosphorous, manganese and magnesium content was obtained by Adseal, MTA-Fillapex and EndoSequence respectively. Conclusion: Under the condition of this study, the prolonged alkalinity of calcium silicate sealers was synchronized with their ongoing solubility. The higher calcium ions released indicated strong alkalinity. The inequality in aluminum, iron, manganese and magnesium released by the tested sealers may expect the variance in their behaviors.

Characterisation of the Bioactivity and the Solubility of a New Root Canal Sealer

“…Most of them have long setting times. According to earlier studies, the high solubility exceeds the allowable threshold (3% mass fraction) 11 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 that the ISO recommends. 20 Recently, a new chipping bioceramic-based sealer called Cerafill (Prevest DenPro) was introduced.…”

“… 7 In several studies, it turned out to be biocompatible and nontoxic, 4 and it boosted osteogenesis. 6 , 8 , 9 It also encourages the production of an alkaline pH medium, 10 , 11 which is critical for both bioactivity and antibacterial properties. However, it possesses a prolonged setting time and great solubility when immersed in water.…”

“…However, it possesses a prolonged setting time and great solubility when immersed in water. 10 , 11 , 12 …”

Modulating proliferative and osteogenic potentials of mesenchymal stem cells via a novel formulation of MTA as a root perforation repair material

“…This is seen as an essential consequence because calcium hydroxide, formed by the hydration of calcium silicate cements, dissociates into calcium and hydroxyl ions, which help in stem cell osteogenesis. A pH above 8 can also cause osteoblasts to produce alkaline phosphatase, a hallmark of active calci ed tissue 49 . Calcium silicate material excretes calcium and silicate ions into the environment, promoting cell differentiation and osteogenic gene expression.…”

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect of AH26, Adseal and Beta RCS Root Canal Sealers Against Enterococcus Faecalis, an in Vitro Study

“…The difference between the results of ADT and DCT might be attributed to the different setting times and different flowability of the cement, as AH26 has a longer setting time (9-15h according to the manufacturer) and higher flowability [ 22 ] compared to Adseal (45 mins according to the manufacturer). High phosphorus release by Adseal as demonstrated by Abu Zeid et al [ 23 ] can be responsible for its antibacterial effect as shown by DCT. It has also been shown by Lorencová et al [ 24 ] that phosphorus release from materials could exert antibacterial effects on gram-positive in vitro.…”