Solubility of parathion in orange leaf wax

Okamura, Judy P.; Sawyer, Donald T.; Günther, F. A.

doi:10.1007/bf01685558

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…Presumably extraction of the soap solution with an organic solvent extracts the pesticide both directly from particulates and from the soap solution. However, due to the 30% solubility of parathion in orange leaf wax (Okamura et al, 1977), the possibility exists that pesticides released from particulate matter in a water extraction could subsequently partition into the leaf wax. On the other hand, an organic solvent extraction could either remove pesticide from the wax or assist pesticide penetration into the interior of the leaf.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for estimating leaf compartmentalization of pesticides in citrus

Nigg¹,

Albrigo²,

Nordby³

et al. 1981

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for estimating leaf compartmentalization of pesticides in citrus

Nigg¹,

Albrigo²,

Nordby³

et al. 1981

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Permeation of organic molecules of widely differing solubilities and of water through isolated cuticles of orange leaves

Davis¹,

Mullins²,

Stolzenberg³

et al. 1979

Pestic. Sci.

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Water penetrated through isolated leaf cuticles of dwarf orange (Citrus mitis Blanco, 'Calamondin') as undissociated molecules because both [ I 8 0 3 water ('H2'80) and HTO (lH3H160) permeated at the same rate. HTO penetrated to 3 to 21% of the theoretical equilibrium value (TEV) in an unstirred system within 10 days for astomatous cuticles and 50 to 60% of TEV for stomatous cuticles. The permeability coefficient (k) of HTO through astomatous cuticles at 25°C was 6.8 x cm s-l.Two highly water-soluble 1%-labelled compounds, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and 1,2,4-triazol-3-ylamine [aminotriazole (BSI) or amitrole (ISO)], and two nearly water-insoluble 1%-labelled compounds, 1-naphthyl methylcarbamate (carbaryl) and 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline (dicloran), were compared to HTO as a reference standard in permeation studies. All four organic molecules permeated without decomposing. The relative k values for TCA, aminotriazole, carbaryl, HTO and dicloran were 0.32, 0.47, 0.71, 1.0, and 1.5 respectively. Although this suggested that the permeation of organic molecules may be inversely related to water solubility, this could not be established with certainty due to large variations in the data. The k values were obtained for 12 other organic compounds through a variety of biological and model membranes or were calculated from the literature. Any relationships between k and various molecular characteristics were unclear because a wide variety of cuticle sources and experimental design was used by different investigators working in this area. The calculation of k is considered essential in all permeability studies so that comparisons can be made between laboratories.

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