Solid-state reference electrodes for potentiometric sensors

Properties and Customization of Sensor Materials for Biomedical Applications

“…The authors successfully employed these reference electrodes for the potentiometric measurement of Pb 2þ solutions, cyclic voltammetry of a solution-phase redox probe, and impedance spectroscopy of a polymer membrane. Results comparable to standard reference electrodes have been obtained with hydrophobic ionic liquids, such as 1-methy-3-octylimidazolium bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, which was jellified and saturated with AgCl (117,118). The electrodes suffered from component leaching and signal deviations (in the mV range) due, for example, to phthalate ions or chloride interference at concentrations greater than 0.1 M (117,118).…”

Improved Thin-layer Electrolysis Cell for Ion Transfer at the Liquid|Liquid Interface Using a Conducting Polymer-coated Electrode

“…Many reviews have been written on all-solid ISE. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] 2·1 Electrode potential of the PEDOT-E in the organic phase In the presence of a hydrophobic supporting electrolyte (C + A -) in O, the redox reaction of the PEDOT is expressed as…”

“…Figure 1 summarizes the reactions of the PEDOT-E covered with an O membrane as the typical reactions of the conducting polymer-coated electrode. The interface between W and O is the analyzing interface where the potential response in the all-solid ISE [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] or electrolytic extraction of the target ion in an electrolysis cell occurs. 13,14,[21][22][23][24][25] When the current for the transfer of the target ion at the W|O interface flows, the redox reaction of the PEDOT on the solid electrode occurs with the simultaneous doping-undoping of A -into the PEDOT.…”

Alternative strategy for manufacturing of all-solid-state reference electrodes for potentiometry

“…The most common reference electrodes have a plastic or glass body for storing the saturated solution of potassium chloride called electrolyte. A silver wire coated with silver chloride, a paste of mercury and mercury chloride (calomel), or a paste of thallium, mercury and thallium chloride (Thalamid) is dipped into this solution (Guth et al, 2009).…”