Solid state metathesis reaction for metal borides, silicides, pnictides and chalcogenides: ionic or elemental pathways

Parkin, Ivan P.

doi:10.1039/cs9962500199

Cited by 292 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Copper selenide induces much interest since it has been broadly used as solar cell applications 16 . CuSe thin films can be deposited by different techniques such as physical vapour deposition, pulse laser evaporation, electro deposition, spray pyrolysis, metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE)/metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), screen printing, successive ionic layer adsorption reaction (SILAR), RF sputtering, and chemical bath deposition (CBD) [17][18][19][20][21][22] . Thin film heterojunctions solar cells play asignificant role as low cost, large area and high…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Copper Selenide Thin Films

Thirumavalavan

Mani²,

Sagadevan

2015

Mat. Res.

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Copper selenide (CuSe) thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to study the structure and crystallite size of CuSe thin film. The grain size and the surface morphology were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The optical properties were studied using the UV-Visible transmission spectrum. The dielectric properties of the synthesized CuSe thin films were studied at different frequencies and different temperatures. Further, electronic properties, such as valence electron plasma energy, average energy gap or Penn gap, Fermi energy and electronic polarizability of the CuSe thin films were determined. The AC electrical conductivity study revealed that the conduction depended both on the frequency and the temperature. The temperature dependent conductivity study confirmed the semiconducting nature of the films. Photoconductivity measurements were carried out in order to ascertain the positive photoconductivity of the CuSe Thin films. This paper covers what all has been stated above besides discussing the results of I-V characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Copper Selenide Thin Films

Thirumavalavan

Mani²,

Sagadevan

2015

Mat. Res.

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“…17 Solid-state metathesis ͑SSM͒ reactions have developed over the past several years into an effective rapid method for producing materials such as nitrides that are difficult to make using conventional techniques. [18][19][20] Formation of very stable salt by-products drives these highly exothermic reactions. In contrast, elemental self-propagating high temperature synthesis ͑SHS͒ reactions are driven solely by product formation which for GaN synthesis (Gaϩ1/2N 2 , ⌬H rxn ϭϪ110 kJ/mol͒ represents only 21% of the energy available in a comparable SSM reaction ͑e.g., GaI 3 ϩLi 3 N, ⌬H rxn ϭϪ515 kJ/mol͒.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-state metathesis reactions under pressure: A rapid route to crystalline gallium nitride

Wallace¹,

Kim²,

Rose³

et al. 1998

Applied Physics Letters

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High pressure chemistry has traditionally involved applying pressure and increasing temperature until conditions become thermodynamically favorable for phase transitions or reactions to occur. Here, high pressure alone is used as a starting point for carrying out rapid, self-propagating metathesis reactions. By initiating chemical reactions under pressure, crystalline phases, such as gallium nitride, can be synthesized which are inaccessible when initiated from ambient conditions. The single-phase gallium nitride made by metathesis reactions under pressure displays significant photoluminescence intensity in the blue/ultraviolet region. The absence of size or surface-state effects in the photoluminescence spectra show that the crystallites are of micron dimensions. The narrow lines of the x-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy confirm this conclusion. Brightly luminescent thin films can be readily grown using pulsed laser deposition.

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“…Metathesis reaction routes to gallium nitride have previously been attempted, but unfortunately fail under ambient conditions [10] . The reaction of GaC13 and Li3N produces only gallium metal and nitrogen gas.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gallium nitride is difficult to synthesize and even more difficult to crystallize, since gallium nitride decomposes at -1150 K under ambient pressure [8][9][10].…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synthesis of Crystalline Gallium Nitride Using Solid-State Metathesis Reactions at High Pressures.

Wallace

O'Loughlin

Rao

et al. 1998

THE REVIEW OF HIGH PRESSURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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Solid-state metathesis (exchange) reactions provide a rapid method to produce high quality refractory materials under ambient conditions.An investigation into solid-state metathesis reactions under pressure using Bridgman anvils and a girdle-type apparatus has led to the bulk synthesis of GaN, TaN and CrN, which are inaccessible under ambient pressure/ temperature conditions. For example, high quality, crystalline gallium nitride can be rapidly (< I sec) synthesized from the reaction of gallium (III) iodide and lithium nitride confined at a pressure of 4.5 GPa and initiated. Characterization of these compounds includes powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, energy dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The single-phase gallium nitride made by metathesis reactions under pressure displays significant photoluminescence intensity in the blue/ultraviolet region.[metathesis, solid-state synthesis, high pressure, gallium nitride, tantalum nitride]

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Solid state metathesis reaction for metal borides, silicides, pnictides and chalcogenides: ionic or elemental pathways

Cited by 292 publications

References 18 publications

Investigation of the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Copper Selenide Thin Films

Investigation of the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Copper Selenide Thin Films

Solid-state metathesis reactions under pressure: A rapid route to crystalline gallium nitride

The Synthesis of Crystalline Gallium Nitride Using Solid-State Metathesis Reactions at High Pressures.

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