Solid polymer electrolyte-coated carbon fibres for structural and novel micro batteries

Leijonmarck, Simon; Carlson, Tony; Lindbergh, Göran; Asp, Leif; Maples, Henry A.; Bismarck, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.09.026

Cited by 72 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…One encouraging opportunity is the use of carbonaceous materials as both high strength/stiffness reinforcements and as electrochemical electrodes. The laminated nature of many fibre composites also facilitates many energy storing embodiments, although possibilities also exist at other length scales, such as the single fibre level 59 . This discussion paper presents a strategy for preparing structural supercapacitors from a laminated architecture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional structural energy storage composite supercapacitors

et al. 2014

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This paper addresses the challenge of producing multifunctional composites that can simultaneously carry mechanical loads whilst storing (and delivering) electrical energy. The embodiment is a structural supercapacitor built around laminated structural carbon fibre (CF) fabrics. Each cell consists of two modified structural CF fabric electrodes, separated by a structural glass fibre fabric or polymer membrane, infused with a multifunctional polymeric electrolyte. Rather than using conventional activated carbon fibres, structural carbon fibres were treated to produce a mechanically robust, high surface area material, using a variety of methods, including direct etching, carbon nanotube sizing, and carbon nanotube in situ growth. One of the most promising approaches is to integrate a porous bicontinuous monolithic carbon aerogel (CAG) throughout the matrix. This nanostructured matrix both provides a dramatic increase in active surface area of the electrodes, and has the potential to address mechanical issues associated with matrix-dominated failures. The effect of the initial reaction mixture composition is assessed for both the CAG modified carbon fibre electrodes and resulting devices. A low temperature CAG modification of carbon fibres was evaluated using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) to enhance the electrochemical performance. For the multifunctional structural electrolyte, simple crosslinked gels have been replaced with bicontinuous structural epoxy-ionic liquid hybrids that offer a much better balance between the conflicting demands of rigidity and molecular motion. The formation of both aerogel precursors and the multifunctional electrolyte are described, including the influence of key components, and the defining characteristics of the products. Working structural supercapacitor composite prototypes have been produced and characterised electrochemically. The effect of introducing the necessary multifunctional resin on the mechanical properties has also been assessed. Larger scale demonstrators have been produced including a full size car boot/trunk lid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional structural energy storage composite supercapacitors

et al. 2014

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“…A carbon fiber was electro-coated with a methacrylate-based solid polymer acting as an electrolyte. The counter electrode was lithium metal separated by a glass fiber from the carbon fibers [44].…”

Section: Constituent Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Composites for Future Energy Storage in Aerospace Structures

et al. 2018

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Multifunctionalization of fiber-reinforced composites, especially by adding energy storage capabilities, is a promising approach to realize lightweight structural energy storages for future transport vehicles. Compared to conventional energy storage systems, energy density can be increased by reducing parasitic masses of non-energy-storing components and by benefitting from the composite meso-and microarchitectures. In this paper, the most relevant existing approaches towards multifunctional energy storages are reviewed and subdivided into five groups by distinguishing their degree of integration and their scale of multifunctionalization. By introducing a modified range equation for battery-powered electric aircrafts, possible range extensions enabled by multifunctionalization are estimated. Furthermore, general and aerospace specific potentials of multifunctional energy storages are discussed. Representing an intermediate degree of structural integration, experimental results for a multifunctional energy-storing glass fiber-reinforced composite based on the ceramic electrolyte Li 1.4 Al 0.4 Ti 1.6 (PO 4 ) 3 are presented. Cyclic voltammetry tests are used to characterize the double-layer behavior combined with galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements for capacitance calculation. The capacitance is observed to be unchanged after 1500 charge-discharge cycles revealing a promising potential for future applications. Furthermore, the mechanical properties are assessed by means of four-point bending and tensile tests. Additionally, the influence of mechanical loads on the electrical properties is also investigated, demonstrating the storage stability of the composites.

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“…Leijonmarck et al assembled a battery using coated fibers as anode, lithium metal as cathode and glass fibers as separators. The capacity of this material at C/5 was 102 mAh/g [255] Based on the electropolymeration method, a new concept of structural battery has been recently introduced by Asp and coworkers ( Figure 41) [262]. In the proposed structure, the carbon fiber constitutes the anode's active material, which is coated with a thin layer of electrically insulating polyelectrolyte.…”

Section: Structural Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural composites for multifunctional applications: Current challenges and future trends

González

Vilatela

Molina-Aldareguía

et al. 2017

Progress in Materials Science

235

132

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This review paper summarizes the current state-of-art and challenges for the future developments of fiber-reinforced composites for structural applications with multifunctional capabilities. After a brief analysis of the reasons of the successful incorporation of fiberreinforced composites in many different industrial sectors, the review analyzes three critical factors that will define the future of composites. The first one is the application of novel fiberdeposition and preforming techniques together with innovative liquid moulding strategies, which will be combined by optimization tools based on novel multiscale modelling approaches, so fiber-reinforced composites with optimized properties can be designed and manufactured for each application. In addition, composite applications will be enhanced by the incorporation of multifunctional capabilities. Among them, electrical conductivity, energy storage (structural supercapacitors and batteries) and energy harvesting (piezoelectric and solar energy) seem to be the most promising ones.

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Solid polymer electrolyte-coated carbon fibres for structural and novel micro batteries

Cited by 72 publications

References 19 publications

Multifunctional structural energy storage composite supercapacitors

Multifunctional structural energy storage composite supercapacitors

Multifunctional Composites for Future Energy Storage in Aerospace Structures

Structural composites for multifunctional applications: Current challenges and future trends

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