Solar tides in the middle atmosphere. I: Description of satellite observations and comparison with theoretical calculations at equinox

Brownscombe, J. L.; Nash, John F.; Vaughan, G.; Rogers, C. F.

doi:10.1002/qj.49711146902

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Second, the correction is more important for recent satellites, particularly NOAA-11 and NOAA-14. This is because they drifted more than half a day during their longer operational time, going through larger amplitude variations in diurnal cycles (Brownscombe et al 1985;Nash and Forrester 1986). Figure 11 also shows that correction magnitude increases from channel 1 to channel 3, indicating that the diurnal amplitude of the stratospheric temperatures increase with altitude.…”

Section: B Diurnal Correctionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Construction of Stratospheric Temperature Data Records from Stratospheric Sounding Units

Wang¹,

Zou

Qian

2012

Journal of Climate

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In recognizing the importance of Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) onboard historical NOAA polarorbiting satellites in assessment of long-term stratospheric temperature changes and limitations in previous available SSU datasets, this study constructs a fully documented, publicly accessible, and well-merged SSU time series for climate change investigations. Focusing on methodologies, this study describes the details of data processing and bias corrections in the SSU observations for generating consistent stratospheric temperature data records, including 1) removal of the instrument gas leak effect in its CO 2 cell; 2) correction of the atmospheric CO 2 increase effect; 3) adjustment for different observation viewing angles; 4) removal of diurnal sampling biases due to satellite orbital drift; and 5) statistical merging of SSU observations from different satellites. After reprocessing, the stratospheric temperature records are composed of nadirlike, gridded brightness temperatures that correspond to identical weighting functions and a fixed local observation time. The 27-yr reprocessed SSU data record comprises global monthly and pentad layer temperatures, with grid resolution of 2.58 latitude by 2.58 longitude, of the midstratosphere (TMS), upper stratosphere (TUS), and top stratosphere (TTS), which correspond to the three SSU channel observations. For 1979-2006, the global mean trends for TMS, TUS, and TTS, are respectively 21.236 6 0.131, 20.926 6 0.139, and 21.006 6 0.194 K decade 21 . Spatial trend pattern analyses indicated that this cooling occurred globally with larger cooling over the tropical stratosphere.

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Section: B Diurnal Correctionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Third, satellite orbital drift may cause diurnal sampling biases in satellite observations (Brownscombe et al 1985;Nash and Forrester 1986). The SSU observations came from seven different satellites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of Stratospheric Temperature Data Records from Stratospheric Sounding Units

Wang¹,

Zou

Qian

2012

Journal of Climate

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“…For NOAA-6 and 7, Brownscombe et al (1985) provided a zonal radiance from each SSU (only using nadir views 4 and 5 combined), with ascending and descending orbit times used separately. Local times of observation for each spacecraft were separated by around 12 h from 50 • N to 50 • S, but within a given orbit were closer together at latitudes of 60-70 • N and further apart at latitudes of 60-70 • S. The SSU views at 35 • from nadir provided additional radiance data at offsets of at least 20 min in local time either side of the nadir views.…”

Section: Observations Of Migrating Solar Temperature Tidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amplitude of temperature tides in SSU observations, using the tidal analysis inBrownscombe et al (1985), for (a) diurnal tide, (b) semidiurnal tide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of Stratospheric Sounding Unit radiance observations for climate trends and reanalyses

Nash

Saunders

2015

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Stratospheric Sounding Units (SSU) on the NOAA polar‐orbiting satellites measured infrared radiances in the 15 μm CO2 band between late 1978 and mid‐2006. From these radiances a time series of layer‐mean stratospheric temperatures has been derived by several groups. Discrepancies in these temperature analyses have been highlighted recently and efforts are now underway to resolve the differences between them. This article is the Met Office response summarising the issues to be resolved in creating a climate data record from the different SSUs, including corrections for radiometric, spectroscopic and tidal differences. Calibration issues identified include the SSU space‐view anomaly and radiometric anomalies in the NOAA‐9 observations. The spectroscopic correction required for changing pressures in the pressure modulator cells is also outlined. The most important correction for the time series is for the solar diurnal and semi‐diurnal tides as the satellite overpass local times change. Comparisons with other stratospheric temperature trend analyses are made and the reasons for the differences discussed. The time series presented here show sustained drops in stratospheric temperatures at all levels after the El Chichon and Pinatubo eruptions but only small trends to lower temperatures between eruptions.

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“…Satellite based monitoring of the atmosphere can provide measurements with global coverage. These enable tides retrieval with unambiguously delineating tidal harmonics both in temporal and spatial aspects [13,14] . Using the temperature measurements taken by the ISAMS/UARS (Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder on board the UARS satellite, Dudhia et al, 1993), a maximum diurnal amplitude of 5K at equator is seen in the stratosphere and mesosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variations of the MLT tides in 120°E Meridian

Chen¹,

Lü²

2007

Chinese J of Geophysics

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The authors reported in this paper the seasonal variations in major atmospheric tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region in the meridian at 120°E. The SABER/TIMED temperature measurements covering November 2004 to January 2006 were used to delineate tidal harmonics through applying the Fourier‐least squares fit and the FFT analysis. Tidal harmonics composing the final apparent tides were examined separately. Investigation results showed that the migrating diurnal harmonic increases with altitude and attain maxima at 97 km height, then decreases rapidly with altitude. It was also found that the other harmonics increase with altitude in the MLT region and attain significant amplitude at 97 km height. Using these harmonics, the diurnal, semidiurnal and terdiurnal tides in the meridian were reconstructed. Particular focus was placed on investigating the contribution of nonmigrating tides for each kind tides of different frequency. The primary results showed that in the meridian, migrating tides play dominant role in characterizing the general features both in space and time for diurnal and semidiurnal tides. Regarding the diurnal tides, contribution of migrating component is most predominant during spring equinox, which is characterized by the amplitude maxima at the equator and that at the tropics for both hemispheres. Moreover, consistency was seen in the comparison among the temporal variation in the reconstructed diurnal tides and the previous result obtained by using meteor radar wind measurements taken at Wuhan (30°N, 114°E). Regarding the contribution of diurnal nonmigrating harmonics, it was found that in addition to the previously observed prominent (1, 0), (1, 2) and (1, –3) mode, (1, –2) mode is also prominent showing amplitude comparable to that of the (1, 0) mode. These four modes contribute together during summer solstice to form an area covering 10°N to 30°S with maximal amplitude 20K appearing at the Equator. Due to the domination of migrating semidiurnal tides, prominent semidiurnal tides occur at the tropical latitudes in both hemispheres. In the northern hemisphere, the semidiurnal tides appear intense amplitudes during autumn equinox with the maximum of 13K. In the southern hemisphere, they are intense in between spring and summer equinox. The influences of the nonmigrating semidiurnal tides appear to be clear in other seasons, a number of amplitude maxima are seen. As confined in 40°S~40°N, the terdiurnal tides exhibit much weak amplitudes. Moreover, the nonmigrating terdiurnal tides are stronger during many times than the migrating tides in amplitude, although the later exhibit regular occurrence at the Equator. Nevertheless, the current results suggested that the nonmigratingt ides are predominant during most times in 2005.

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Solar tides in the middle atmosphere. I: Description of satellite observations and comparison with theoretical calculations at equinox

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Construction of Stratospheric Temperature Data Records from Stratospheric Sounding Units

Construction of Stratospheric Temperature Data Records from Stratospheric Sounding Units

A review of Stratospheric Sounding Unit radiance observations for climate trends and reanalyses

Seasonal Variations of the MLT tides in 120°E Meridian

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