“…43 Inspired by the idea of passive solar heating, a novel concept combining a Trombe-wall (T-wall) with the ATB technology has been recently introduced. [44][45][46] The T-wall is a prominent architectural feature utilized in passive building design, capitalizing on the chimney effect created by vertical airflow due to differences in air density. 47 T-walls play a significant role in promoting building ventilation and heating, contributing to energy conservation.…”
Moisture-based adsorption thermal battery (ATB) has the potential to alleviate the temporal and geographic mismatch between heat producers and heat consumers, but realizing practical application is still challenging, in spite...
“…43 Inspired by the idea of passive solar heating, a novel concept combining a Trombe-wall (T-wall) with the ATB technology has been recently introduced. [44][45][46] The T-wall is a prominent architectural feature utilized in passive building design, capitalizing on the chimney effect created by vertical airflow due to differences in air density. 47 T-walls play a significant role in promoting building ventilation and heating, contributing to energy conservation.…”
Moisture-based adsorption thermal battery (ATB) has the potential to alleviate the temporal and geographic mismatch between heat producers and heat consumers, but realizing practical application is still challenging, in spite...
“…Heat storage using thermochemical adsorption with salt hydrates has received increasing international attention because of its environmental adaptability, heat storage capacity, environmental protection standards, and preparation costs [18]. As highlighted in the literature [19,20], TCS is also well-suited to storing solar power for buildings as their thermochemical materials provide much lower heat loss, enabling long-term seasonal storage and lower charging temperatures. However, the performance of TCS systems needs to be improved in terms of cost-effectiveness and efficiency [19].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The potential of phase change materials (PCMs) can be very useful for improving the performance of thermal systems that are operated on solar energy [20]. Experimental studies evaluating the performance of solar thermal systems based on a range of PCMs were observed [21].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Summarizing the introduction section, the main TES can be collected within the relevant studies that are focused on (Table 1). [ [20][21][22][23][24] Seasonal Thermal Storage Ground source heat pumps (GSHP)…”
The technology for storing thermal energy as sensible heat, latent heat, or thermochemical energy has greatly evolved in recent years, and it is expected to grow up to about 10.1 billion US dollars by 2027. A thermal energy storage (TES) system can significantly improve industrial energy efficiency and eliminate the need for additional energy supply in commercial and residential applications. This study is a first-of-its-kind specific review of the current projected performance and costs of thermal energy storage. This paper presents an overview of the main typologies of sensible heat (SH-TES), latent heat (LH-TES), and thermochemical energy (TCS) as well as their application in European countries. With regard to future challenges, the installation of TES systems in buildings is being implemented at a rate of 5%; cogeneration application with TES is attested to 10.2%; TES installation in the industry sector accounts for 5% of the final energy consumption. From the market perspective, the share of TES is expected to be dominated by SH-TES technologies due to their residential and industrial applications. With regard to the cost, the SH-TES system is typically more affordable than the LH-TES system or the TCS system because it consists of a simple tank containing the medium and the charging/discharging equipment.
“…TiO 2 has been diversely employed in solar devices in the form of cathodes, light scatterers, electron collectors, high wavelength transmitters, etc. These applications are possible due to its tunable conductivity, resistance to weathering, self-cleaning ability, excellent transmittance of solar radiation, and ease of fabrication [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. TiO 2 has been utilized in the form of a mesoporous nanostructure to increase scattering, which increases the interaction of light with absorbing materials and eventually improves the absorption efficiency [ 31 ].…”
Nanocomposite multi-layer TiO2/V2O5/TiO2 thin films were prepared via electron-beam evaporation using high-purity targets (TiO2 and V2O5 purity > 99.9%) at substrate temperatures of 270 °C (TiO2) and 25 °C (V2O5) under a partial pressure of oxygen of 2 × 10−4 mbar to maintain the stoichiometry. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry was used to confirm the layer structure and the optimal stoichiometry of the thin films, with a particle size of 20 to 40 nm. The thin films showed an optical transmittance of ~78% in the visible region and a reflectance of ~90% in the infrared. A decrease in transmittance was observed due to the greater cumulative thickness of the three layers and multiple reflections at the interface of the layers. The optical bandgap of the TiO2 mono-layer was ~3.49 eV, whereas that of the multi-layer TiO2/V2O5/TiO2 reached ~3.51 eV. The increase in the optical bandgap was due to the inter-diffusion of the layers at an elevated substrate temperature during the deposition. The intrinsic, structural, and morphological features of the TiO2/V2O5/TiO2 thin films suggest their efficient use as a solar water heater system.
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