Although the teaching methods of the blended learning and BOPPPS (bridge-in, objective, preassessment, participatory learning, postassessment, and summary) model are proven to be successful and highly effective at improving the academic knowledge of the students, respectively, it is unclear whether blended learning combined with the BOPPPS model (BL-BOPPPS) could work well in an introduction course of health services management (HSM) for the health management students in China. The study investigated the perceptions and effects of implementing the BL-BOPPPS model on student learning outcomes in an introduction course of HSM. The intervention group consisted of 55 students introduced to the BL-BOPPPS model, while the control group consisted of 54 students who received a conventional lecture. After the end of course, the effectiveness of teaching was self-assessed with questionnaires by all students, and examination scores for the two groups were compared. The students’ satisfaction levels of BL-BOPPPS teaching strategy were up to 81.8% in the intervention group. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant elevation of perception scores of skills ( P = 0.001), initiative ( P = 0.002), self-control ( P = 0.008), self-efficacy ( P = 0.001), motivation ( P = 0.004), and the academic performance ( P = 0.001). The BL-BOPPPS model could stimulate the enthusiasm and interest of health students; boost students’ skills, initiative, and motivation in learning; and improve the self-directed learning ability, academic performance, and teaching quality. The findings provide a basis of evidence for the promotion of the BL-BOPPPS model in various disciplines in Chinese colleges and universities.
Our recent investigations into the 3D printing of poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), a linear polyester, using a DMD-based system brought us to a resin that used titanium dioxide (TiO2) as an ultraviolet (UV) filter for controlling cure depth. However, this material hindered the 3D printing process due to undesirable lateral or “dark” curing (i.e., in areas not exposed to light from the DMD chip). Well known from its use in sunscreen, another UV filter, oxybenzone, has previously been used in conjunction with TiO2. In this study we hypothesize that combining these two UV filters will result in a synergistic effect that controls cure depth and avoids dark cure. A resin mixture (i.e., polymer, initiator, UV filters) was identified that worked well. The resin was then further characterized through mechanical testing, cure testing, and cytotoxicity testing to investigate its use as a material for bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Results show that the final resin eliminated dark cure as shown through image analysis. Mechanically the new scaffolds proved to be far weaker than those printed from previous resins, with compressive strength of 7.8 ± 0.5 MPa vs. 36.5 ± 1.6 MPa, respectively. The new scaffolds showed a 90% reduction in elastic modulus and a 74% increase in max strain. These properties may be useful in tissue engineering applications where resorption is required. Initial cytotoxicity evaluation was negative. As hypothesized, the use of TiO2 and oxybenzone showed synergistic effects in the 3D printing of PPF tissue engineering scaffolds.
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