Solar-driven conversion of carbon dioxide over nanostructured metal-based catalysts in alternative approaches: Fundamental mechanisms and recent progress

Revisiting Solar Energy Flow in Nanomaterial-Microorganism Hybrid Systems

“…120 Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the charge-separation efficiency of QDs may be hindered by an increased bandgap due to the quantum confinement effect. 15,66,275,276 Furthermore, controlling the quantity of QDs effectively taken up by individual cells proves to be challenging, and this factor can also impact the overall energy transport efficiency of hybrid systems based on intracellularly localized nanomaterials. 277…”

“…A semiartificial photosynthetic system typically comprises a solar-capture module, such as nanomaterials , or photoelectrochemical systems, , and a chemical conversion module, which can be enzymes , or living microbial cells. , Certain studies also employed biophotosensitizers in combination with chemical catalysts to achieve solar-driven chemical production. − Regarding the photoelectrochemical systems, they provide exceptional stability and allow for convenient real-time monitoring of their tunable photochemical and electrochemical properties. − In contrast, nanomaterials demonstrate exceptional configurability in broadband light absorption, surface charge, morphology, elemental composition, and band structure. ,− They closely match cellular organisms in size scale, affording a substantial contact area for electron transduction. With respect to the pure enzymes, they have direct contact with materials, rendering them efficient in electron acquisition. ,,− By rationally selecting enzymes and employing suitable conditions, novel cascade reactions toward target products can be catalyzed, such as the total synthesis of starch using CO 2 , along with recently developed artificial carbon fixation pathways. − While isolating, purifying, and preserving pure enzymes in vitro poses challenges, microbial cells offer distinct advantages .…”

“…Given the respective strengths of nanomaterials and microorganisms as described, this review primarily focuses on the nanomaterial-microorganism hybrid system (NMHS). For discussions on hybrid systems involving photoelectrochemical systems and pure enzymes, we direct the reader to additional comprehensive reviews. ,,− ,,,− Studies on nanomaterial-microorganism hybrid systems (NMHSs) began in the late 1980s and gained significant momentum around 2015–2016. There has been a rapid increase in relevant research in recent years, as depicted in Figure , illustrating the progress of NMHS through representative studies.…”

Progress and perspectives on 1D nanostructured catalysts applied in photo(electro)catalytic reduction of CO2

“…(3) Redox reactions take place at the anode and cathode, respectively, which can effectively improve the CO 2 RR efficiency. 67,68 Therefore, it could reduce CO 2 to a series of economical products with relatively high efficiency.…”

MXene-Based Photocatalysts and Electrocatalysts for CO2 Conversion to Chemicals

“…PCR generally involves the three stages shown in Fig. 1, which will occur if the illumination energy is higher than the photocatalyst bandgap energy (E g ) [36]. First, the electron-hole pair is generated through photon absorption, wherein the electron is excited to the conduction band, and the hole circulates around the upper level in Fig.…”