Progress and perspectives on 1D nanostructured catalysts applied in photo(electro)catalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub>

Li, Chufan; Wu, Tong; Pan, Weiguo

doi:10.1039/d2nr04063h

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The principle of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction can be explained by the semiconductor theory, as shown in Figure a. [ 42 ] When a semiconductor material is exposed to light with energy greater than its band gap, electrons in the valence band (VB) will be excited to the conduction band (CB), thus forming the photogenerated electron–hole pairs. A small part of photogenerated electrons and holes will migrate to the active sites on the semiconductor surface and participate in the redox reaction to convert the adsorbed CO 2 and H 2 O into a series of carbon‐containing products and oxygen, respectively.…”

Section: The Mechanism Of Co2 Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converting CO₂ into Value‐Added Products by Cu₂O‐Based Catalysts: From Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis to Photoelectrocatalysis

Zhang

et al. 2023

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Considering the high energy demand in modern society and the widespread acceptance of "carbon neutrality" policies, reducing CO 2 into value-added products through "artificial carbon cycling" seems more reasonable and attractive. [3,4] Among the various methods of CO 2 resource utilization, photocatalysis (PC), electrocatalysis (EC) and photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), which can be operated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, are considered to be a relatively feasible scheme. [5][6][7][8][9] Photocatalysis based on semiconductor materials can directly absorb solar light and generate charge carriers with redox capability, simultaneously accomplishing energy storage and carbon reduction. [10][11][12][13] Electrocatalysis can be driven by multiple forms of renewable energy (solar energy, water energy, wind energy, biomass energy, wave energy, tidal energy, etc.) to realize the conversion of CO 2 at the suitable negative potential. [14][15][16] Photo electrocatalysis is a special combination of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, using a semiconductor electrode with light response capability to achieve efficient CO 2 reduction. [17,18] However, CO 2 exhibits chemical inertness due to its linear molecular and high CO bond energy, which is owing to the adoption of sp hybrid orbital when C atoms bond with O atoms. [19][20][21] Therefore, it is challenging to activate CO 2 and convert it into desirable products thermodynamically. [22] In addition, the CO 2 reduction reaction involves multi-step electron transfer, hydrogenation and CC bond coupling, which determines it has a complex and stochastic reaction path. Therefore, developing an ideal catalyst with high activity, stability, and economy for CO 2 reduction is necessary.Since Inoue et al. successfully converted CO 2 into formic acid, formaldehyde, methanol and methane under sunlight irradiation, many semiconductor materials for CO 2 reduction have been developed and evaluated. [23][24][25][26] The n-type semiconductors, including TiO 2 , ZnO 2 and SrTiO 3 , have attracted wide attention due to their low cost, high photostability and environmental harmlessness. [27] However, the excessive band gap limits their light response range, making them unsuitable for the CO 2 conversion systems driven by solar light. [28,29] Cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O), as one of the copper-based semiconductors with abundant reserves on the earth, has a suitable band gap to absorb visible light, which occupies 42-43% of the solar spectrum. More Converting CO 2 into value-added products by photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis is a promising method to alleviate the global environmental problems and energy crisis. Among the semiconductor materials applied in CO 2 catalytic reduction, Cu 2 O has the advantages of abundant reserves, low price and environmental friendliness. Moreover, Cu 2 O has unique adsorption and activation properties for CO 2 , which is conducive to the generation of C 2+ products through CC coupling. This review introduces the basic principles of CO...

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Section: The Mechanism Of Co2 Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converting CO₂ into Value‐Added Products by Cu₂O‐Based Catalysts: From Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis to Photoelectrocatalysis

Zhang

et al. 2023

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“…Additionally, the linear structure of these materials provides a migration pathway for electrons, improving electron migration speed. The formation of a concentration gradient in the material structure also promotes the mass transfer on the surface, optimizing the reaction at the interface . However, several limitations to the application of these materials exist, such as their preparation involving polluting chemicals (like HF, HNO 3 , or NH 4 F), aggregation and detachment of metal cocatalyst nanoparticles that leads to loss of performance during long-term operations, or a difficult balance between higher cocatalyst loading for enhanced CO 2 conversion and lower loadings for enhanced light adsorption capacity .…”

Section: Electrochemical Photochemical and Photoelectrochemical React...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanostructured catalysts (nanowires, nanorods, or nanotubes) are often used for photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 into valorization products . These structures present several significant advantages over other types of catalysts.…”

Section: Electrochemical Photochemical and Photoelectrochemical React...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…299 Nanostructured catalysts (nanowires, nanorods, or nanotubes) are often used for photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 into valorization products. 300 These structures present several significant advantages over other types of catalysts. Notably, they possess a regular array structure and a large surface area, increasing the surface light trapping, as well as the density of active sites.…”

Section: Photochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of a concentration gradient in the material structure also promotes the mass transfer on the surface, optimizing the reaction at the interface. 300 However, several limitations to the application of these materials exist, such as their preparation involving polluting chemicals (like HF, HNO 3 , or NH 4 F), aggregation and detachment of metal cocatalyst nanoparticles that leads to loss of performance during long-term operations, or a difficult balance between higher cocatalyst loading for enhanced CO 2 conversion and lower loadings for enhanced light adsorption capacity. 300 Additional development is required to find solutions to these problems and increase the viability of these photocatalytic materials and of photocatalysis as a whole.…”

Section: Photochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Insights on Catalytic Valorization of Carbon Dioxide by Conventional and Intensified Processes

Olivier

Desgagnés

Mercier

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Carbon capture is an emerging technology that is often mentioned as a potential solution to the global warming crisis. However, most of the captured carbon is now treated as waste, discarded, and not used in any meaningful way. On the other hand, from a sustainable development point of view, CO 2 valorization could be a very appealing approach that offers an economic potential when this compound is recycled into valuable chemical products. In this regard, this state-of-the-art review encompasses a wide range of different processes to achieve the conversion of CO 2 into a large variety of products. It does not focus solely on a specific reaction or method, but rather brings different aspects together to provide a far more complete portrait of this emerging subject. Several methods and approaches are discussed, namely thermochemical, electrochemical, photochemical, photoelectrochemical, biochemical, and plasma-assisted conversion. The current state of CO 2 valorization, as well as emerging alternatives and stimulating prospects, was examined, while bearing in mind the realities that limit the application of such technologies. Special emphasis was placed on the optimization of reaction conditions and the development of materials that ensure the best possible production of valuable and environmentally friendly compounds from CO 2 . This review also highlights the challenges related to the application of CO 2 valorization at an industrial scale, which are also important in directing further research in this domain and assessing the prospects of these technologies. Due to the growing number of published papers on the subject, and the limited number of papers offering such a large perspective, we thus believe that this review will be a valuable addition to guide all researchers involved in the field of CO 2 valorization, but also for industrial and political leaders interested in investing in and developing these promising new technologies.

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Recent Progress of Single‐Atom Photocatalysts Applied in Energy Conversion and Environmental Protection

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Zhang

et al. 2023

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Photocatalysis driven by solar energy is a feasible strategy to alleviate energy crises and environmental problems. In recent years, significant progress has been made in developing advanced photocatalysts for efficient solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion. Single‐atom catalysts have the advantages of highly dispersed active sites, maximum atomic utilization, unique coordination environment, and electronic structure, which have become a research hotspot in heterogeneous photocatalysis. This paper introduces the potential supports, preparation, and characterization methods of single‐atom photocatalysts in detail. Subsequently, the fascinating effects of single‐atom photocatalysts on three critical steps of photocatalysis (the absorption of incident light to produce electron‐hole pairs, carrier separation and migration, and interface reactions) are analyzed. At the same time, the applications of single‐atom photocatalysts in energy conversion and environmental protection (CO2 reduction, water splitting, N2 fixation, organic macromolecule reforming, air pollutant removal, and water pollutant degradation) are systematically summarized. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of single‐atom catalysts in heterogeneous photocatalysis are discussed. It is hoped that this work can provide insights into the design, synthesis, and application of single‐atom photocatalysts and promote the development of high‐performance photocatalytic systems.

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Progress and perspectives on 1D nanostructured catalysts applied in photo(electro)catalytic reduction of CO₂

Abstract: Reducing CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels by artificial photosynthesis (photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis) is one of the considerable solutions to global environmental and energy issues. One-dimensional (1D) nanostructured catalysts (nanowires,...

Cited by 22 publications

References 244 publications

Converting CO₂ into Value‐Added Products by Cu₂O‐Based Catalysts: From Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis to Photoelectrocatalysis

Converting CO₂ into Value‐Added Products by Cu₂O‐Based Catalysts: From Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis to Photoelectrocatalysis

New Insights on Catalytic Valorization of Carbon Dioxide by Conventional and Intensified Processes

Recent Progress of Single‐Atom Photocatalysts Applied in Energy Conversion and Environmental Protection

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Progress and perspectives on 1D nanostructured catalysts applied in photo(electro)catalytic reduction of CO2

Abstract: Reducing CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels by artificial photosynthesis (photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis) is one of the considerable solutions to global environmental and energy issues. One-dimensional (1D) nanostructured catalysts (nanowires,...

Cited by 22 publications

References 244 publications

Converting CO2 into Value‐Added Products by Cu2O‐Based Catalysts: From Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis to Photoelectrocatalysis

Converting CO2 into Value‐Added Products by Cu2O‐Based Catalysts: From Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis to Photoelectrocatalysis

New Insights on Catalytic Valorization of Carbon Dioxide by Conventional and Intensified Processes

Recent Progress of Single‐Atom Photocatalysts Applied in Energy Conversion and Environmental Protection

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Progress and perspectives on 1D nanostructured catalysts applied in photo(electro)catalytic reduction of CO₂

Converting CO₂ into Value‐Added Products by Cu₂O‐Based Catalysts: From Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis to Photoelectrocatalysis

Converting CO₂ into Value‐Added Products by Cu₂O‐Based Catalysts: From Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis to Photoelectrocatalysis