Sol–gel silica/titania-on-silicon Er/Yb-doped waveguides for optical amplification at 1.5 μm

Orignac, Xavier; Barbier, D.; Du, Xin Min; Almeida, Rui M.; McCarthy, Orla; Yeatman, Eric M.

doi:10.1016/s0925-3467(98)00076-7

Cited by 249 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Besides, SiO 2 and TiO 2 host matrices are promising for wave guiding and amplification applications [10][11][12]. In this work, ZnO has been chosen as a host matrix, because its wide band gap energy of 3.4 eV [13] can be used for the excitation of both Er and Yb species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up-conversion effect of Er- and Yb-doped ZnO thin films

et al. 2014

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Visible up-conversion in ZnO:Er and ZnO:Er:Yb thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering under different O 2 -rich atmospheres has been studied. Conventional photoluminescence (325 nm laser source) and up-conversion (980 nm laser source) have been performed in the films before and after an annealing process at 800°C. The resulting spectra demonstrate that the thermal treatment, either during or postdeposition, activates optically the Er 3+ ions, being the latter process much more efficient. Moreover, the atmosphere during deposition was also found to be an important parameter, as the deposition under O 2 flow increases the optical activity of Er +3 ions. In addition, the inclusion of Yb 3+ ions into the films has shown an enhancement of the visible up-conversion emission at 660 nm by a factor of 4, which could be associated to either a better energy transfer from the 2 F 5/2 Yb level to the 4 I 11/2Er one, or to the prevention of having Er 2 O 3 clustering in the films.2

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up-conversion effect of Er- and Yb-doped ZnO thin films

et al. 2014

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“…The solgel technique for making thin films is attractive because it is low cost, fast, and extremely flexible [6]. Indeed, solgel techniques have been used to make optical couplers, Er 3+ -Yb 3+ -doped waveguide amplifiers, and even silica nanotubes [7][8][9]. A Yb 3+ ,Al 3+ : SiO 2 solgel fiber laser achieved a threshold of 80 mW launched power [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultralow-threshold Yb^3+:SiO_2 glass laser fabricated by the solgel process

2007

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A Yb-doped silica microcavity laser on a silicon chip is fabricated from a solgel thin film. The high-Q microtoroid cavity, which has a finesse of 10,000, is evanescently coupled to an optical fiber taper. We report a threshold of 1.8 W absorbed power that is, to the best of our knowledge, the lowest published threshold to date for any Yb-doped laser. . In addition, the rare-earth aggregate emission spectrum spans many key wavelengths from 0.3 to 3 m that are important for imaging, sensing, medical treatment, and communications. While rareearth lasers have been built in large form factors for high-power laser cutting and defense applications, they can also be designed to be small, low power, and ultrasensitive to the environment. The laser resonator finesse, defined as the free spectral range (FSR) divided by the resonance linewidth, quantifies the loss and hence energy storage efficiency of a resonator. For a given cavity, higher finesse results in lower threshold for lasing. Lacovara et al. measured a 71 mW threshold for a Yb 3+

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“…Initial investigations were performed on Nd-doped glasses [72], [73], but attention is now concentrated on Er doping, using hosts ranging from pure SiO [74] to TiO -SiO [75]- [78], Al O -SiO [79], [80], P O -SiO [81], Al O -TiO -SiO [82], and GeO -SiO , with both weak [83] and high [84] germania contents.…”

Section: Sol-gel Edwasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improvements in lifetime arising from aluminum [73] and phosphorus [78] codoping have been identified, as has the improvement in pump efficiency arising from codoping with ytterbium [82] and, more recently, yttrium [85]. However, crystallization has been observed with Al O at high annealing temperatures [79].…”

Section: Sol-gel Edwasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol-gel silica-on-silicon buried-channel EDWAs

Huang

Syms

2003

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-Silica-on-silicon erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers (EDWAs) fabricated by the sol-gel route are demonstrated. The preparation of stable sols is first described, with emphasis on identifying chemical routes that allow the incorporation of sufficient concentration of erbium without precipitation or gelation. Erbium-doped glasses containing various codopants, such as phosphorus, aluminum, germanium and ytterbium are formed and used in the construction of buried channel guide EDWAs. A range of optical measurements is presented, and the effects of the dopants in eliminating erbium ion quenching and improving pumping efficiency are evaluated. The best material system-Er/Yb codoped aluminophosphosilicate glass-has low background loss and a net gain of 1.1 dB/cm.

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Sol–gel silica/titania-on-silicon Er/Yb-doped waveguides for optical amplification at 1.5 μm

Cited by 249 publications

References 134 publications

Up-conversion effect of Er- and Yb-doped ZnO thin films

Up-conversion effect of Er- and Yb-doped ZnO thin films

Ultralow-threshold Yb^3+:SiO_2 glass laser fabricated by the solgel process

Sol-gel silica-on-silicon buried-channel EDWAs

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