Soil nutrient audits for China to estimate nutrient balances and output/input relationships

Sheldrick, W. F.; Syers, J. K.; Lingard, John

doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(02)00038-5

Cited by 124 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In all sites surveyed, high amounts of nitrogen fertilizer were applied: recorded N rates reached up to 1900 kg/ha per year. Similar levels of fertilizer input and emissions were observed in vegetable production in eastern and southern China (Sheldrick et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Identification of technology options for reducing nitrogen pollution in cropping systems of Pujiang

Fang

Guang-huo

Van

et al. 2005

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci.

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This work analyses the potential role of nitrogen pollution technology of crop systems of Pujiang, County in Eastern China's Zhejiang Province, rice and vegetables are important cropping systems. We used a case study approach involving comparison of farmer practices and improved technologies. This approach allows assessing the impact of technology on pollution, is forward looking, and can yield information on the potential of on-the-shelf technology and provide opportunities for technology development. The approach particularly suits newly developed rice technologies with large potential of reducing nitrogen pollution and for future rice and vegetables technologies. The results showed that substantial reductions in nitrogen pollution are feasible for both types of crops.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Identification of technology options for reducing nitrogen pollution in cropping systems of Pujiang

Fang

Guang-huo

Van

et al. 2005

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci.

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“…Negative K balance has resulted in serious soil K depletion, which could be limiting the potential for further crop yield increase (World Bank Report, 1997). Sheldrick et al (2003) used a nutrient audit model to calculate nutrient balances in China. They found that depletion of K increased from 2.9 Mt in 1961 to 8.3 Mt in 1997, and the depletion rates were high in all 30 provinces in 1996.…”

Section: Nutrient Imbalancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term experiments for sustainable nutrient management in China. A review

Miao¹,

Stewart²,

Zhang³

2010

Agronomy Sust. Developm.

442

215

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-China is facing one of the largest challenges of this century to continue to increase annual cereal production to about 600 Mt by 2030 to ensure food security with shrinking cropland and limited resources, while maintaining or improving soil fertility, and protecting the environment. Rich experiences in integrated and efficient utilization of different strategies of crop rotation, intercropping, and all possible nutrient resources accumulated by Chinese farmers in traditional farming systems have been gradually abandoned and nutrient management shifted to over-reliance on synthetic fertilizers. China is now the world's largest producer, consumer and importer of chemical fertilizers. Overapplication of nitrogen (N) is common in intensive agricultural regions, and current N-uptake efficiency was reported to be only 28.3, 28.2 and 26.1% for rice, wheat and maize, respectively, and less than 20% in intensive agricultural regions and for fruit trees or vegetable crops. In addition to surface and groundwater pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, over-application of N fertilizers has caused significant soil acidification in major Chinese croplands, decreasing soil pH by 0.13 to 2.20. High yield as a top priority, small-scale farming, lack of temporal synchronization of nutrient supply and crop demand, lack of effective extension systems, and hand application of fertilizers by farmers are possible reasons leading to the over-application problems. There is little doubt that current nutrient management practices are not sustainable and more efficient management systems need to be developed. A review of long-term experiments conducted around the world indicated that chemical fertilizer alone is not enough to improve or maintain soil fertility at high levels and the soil acidification problem caused by overapplication of synthetic N fertilizers can be reduced if more fertilizer N is applied as NO − 3 relative to ammonium-or urea-based N fertilizers. Organic fertilizers can improve soil fertility and quality, but long-term application at high rates can also lead to more nitrate leaching, and accumulation of P, if not managed well. Well-managed combination of chemical and organic fertilizers can overcome the disadvantages of applying single source of fertilizers and sustainably achieve higher crop yields, improve soil fertility, alleviate soil acidification problems, and increase nutrient-use efficiency compared with only using chemical fertilizers. Crop yield can be increased through temporal diversity using crop rotation strategies compared with continuous cropping and legume-based cropping systems can reduce carbon and nitrogen losses. Crop yield responses to N fertilization can vary significantly from year to year due to variation in weather conditions and indigenous N supply, thus the commonly adopted prescriptive approach to N management needs to be replaced by a responsive in-season management approach based on diagnosis of crop growth, N status and demand. A crop sensor-based in-season site-specific N mana...

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“…Ash (IN3) and atmospheric deposition (IN4) were the other nutrient inputs considered in this study. Globally, N deposition rates are estimated to be 5 kg N ha -1 year -1 for less densely populated and non-industrial countries and range from 20 kg N ha -1 year -1 to 50 kg N ha -1 year -1 in countries of Western Europe and parts of China (Sheldrick et al, 2003). Mengel and Kirkby (1996) also discussed that atmospheric deposition for N can be as high as 60 kg ha -1 year -1 depending on proximity to a city and amount of precipitation.…”

Section: Nutrient Inputs To the Catchmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Input and Output Flows and Nutrients Balance Analysis at Catchment Level in Northern Ethiopia

Kiros¹,

Haile²,

Gebresamuel³

2014

J. Soil Sci. Environ. Manage.

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Soil fertility depletion in smallholder farms is one of the fundamental biophysical causes for declining, and -7.52 kg K ha -1 year -1 in the upper, middle and lower landscapes respectively. Soil nutrient stocks in all the landscapes were decreasing with the exception of phosphorus which is positive in all the landscapes. In the analysis, harvested crops (OUT1) and crop residues (OUT2) were the major cause for nutrients depletion. It was calculated that the contribution of harvested crops (OUT1) and crop residues (OUT2) to N losses was 80.5%, and its contribution to K losses was 65.8%, therefore, application of organic and inorganic inputs, proper management of crop residues and sustaining soil conservation measures are very crucial.

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Soil nutrient audits for China to estimate nutrient balances and output/input relationships

Cited by 124 publications

References 3 publications

Identification of technology options for reducing nitrogen pollution in cropping systems of Pujiang

Identification of technology options for reducing nitrogen pollution in cropping systems of Pujiang

Long-term experiments for sustainable nutrient management in China. A review

Assessing the Input and Output Flows and Nutrients Balance Analysis at Catchment Level in Northern Ethiopia

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