Soil Fertility and Nature Conservation in Europe: Theoretical Considerations and Practical Management Solutions

Marrs, Rob H.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2504(08)60044-6

Cited by 248 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…NO 3 − availability in the present study was lower in soils from restoration sites than in soils from late-successional grasslands. This lower NO 3 − availability in restoration soils may have been due to nutrient leaching and initially higher N:P ratios on freshly-abandoned arable land, which may lead to higher nutrient uptake rates of plants (Marrs 1993) and thus to faster reductions in NO 3 − availability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been attributed to a number of abiotic and biotic factors in the aboveground and belowground environment that affect survival and growth of latesuccessional grassland plant species, including high availability of soil nutrients such as P, K and inorganic N (McLendon and Redente 1992;Marrs 1993), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi; Van der Heijden 2004), inter-specific competition (Tilman 1993;Hansson and Fogelfors 1998) and aboveground herbivory (Edwards and Crawley 1999). While some factors of the aboveground and belowground environment have been jointly investigated (Brown and Gange 1989;Schadler et al 2004), there is a paucity of studies considering all factors at the same time and hence, the relative importance of aboveground and belowground factors for seedling survival and growth are not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aboveground environment type, soil nutrient content and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi explain establishment success of Centaurea jacea on ex-arable land and in late-successional grasslands

2009

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We studied the relative importance of the aboveground and belowground environment for survival and growth of emerged seedlings of Centaurea jacea to better understand the general difficulty of establishing late-successional species at restoration sites on ex-arable land. Potted seedlings growing on soil from six late-successional grasslands and from six ex-arable (restoration) sites were reciprocally exchanged, and survival and relative growth rate of the seedlings monitored. In addition, we assessed aboveground herbivory and colonization of roots by arbuscular myccorhizal fungi of all plants, as well as nutrient availability, and microbial biomass and community composition using PLFA techniques in all twelve soils. Seedling survival was higher in restoration habitat and soil than in grassland habitat and soil, but growth did not differ between the aboveground and belowground environment types. Shoot growth rate was initially correlated with soil nutrient content, and later in the experiment with mycorrhizal colonization levels. Our results indicate that arbuscular mycorhizal fungi may be important for the successful establishment of C. jacea and that abiotic soil factors, like K availability and N:P ratio, can promote mycorrhizal colonization. Hence, the belowground environment should be considered when selecting sites for restoring species-rich grasslands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aboveground environment type, soil nutrient content and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi explain establishment success of Centaurea jacea on ex-arable land and in late-successional grasslands

2009

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“…In temperate regions, grassland plant species density is generally higher on neutral or basic soils than in acidic soil (Marrs, 1993). For instance, Roem and Berendse (2000) and Critchley et al (2002b) found a positive relationship between pH and species density in Europe.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Soil chemical factors and grassland species density in Emas National Park (central Brazil)

Amorim

Batalha

2008

Braz. J. Biol.

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Studies of grasslands on specific soil types suggest that different nutrients can limit biomass production and, hence, species composition and number. The Brazilian cerrado is the major savanna region in America and once covered about 2 million km 2 , mainly in the Brazilian Central Plateau, under seasonal climate, with wet summer and dry winter. In view of the importance of soil chemical factors in the distribution of the vegetation forms within the Cerrado domain and which may influence the number of species, we analyzed some soil characteristics in three herbaceous vegetation forms -hyperseasonal cerrado, seasonal cerrado, and wet grassland -in Emas National Park, a core cerrado site, to investigate the relationship between number of species and soil characteristics. We collected vegetation and soil samples in these three vegetation forms and submitted the obtained data to multiple linear regression. We found out that aluminum and pH were the best predictors of species density, the former positively related to species density and the latter negatively related. Since the predictable variation in species density is important in determining areas of conservation, we can postulate that these two soil factors are indicators of high species density areas in tropical grasslands, which could be used in selecting priority sites for conservation.Keywords: aluminum, nutrient limitation, pH, soil, species density. Características químicas do solo e densidade de espécies em comunidades herbáceas no Parque Nacional das Emas (Brasil central) ResumoEstudos em comunidades herbáceas em tipos específicos de solos sugerem que diferentes nutrientes podem limitar a produção de biomassa e, também, a composição e o número de espécies. O cerrado brasileiro é a maior região de savana na América e ocupava, originalmente, cerca de 2 milhões de km 2 , principalmente no Planalto Central Brasileiro. Encontra-se sob clima estacional, com verão chuvoso e inverno seco. Como as variáveis químicas do solo são importantes na distribuição das formas de vegetação no domínio do Cerrado e podem influenciar no número de espécies, analisamos algumas variáveis edáficas em três formas vegetacionais herbáceas -cerrado hiperestacional, cerrado estacional e campo úmido -no Parque Nacional das Emas, uma região nuclear de cerrado, para investigar quais seriam as relações entre o número de espécies e as características do solo. Coletamos amostras de solo e vegetação nesses três ambientes e submetemos os dados obtidos a uma análise de regressão múltipla linear. Encontramos que o alumínio e o pH foram os melhores previsores da densidade de espécies, sendo o primeiro relacionado positivamente com a densidade de espécies, e o último, negativamente. Já que a variação previsível na densidade de espécies é importante para se determinar áreas de conservação, podemos postular que esses dois fatores do solo podem ser indicadores de áreas com alta densidade de espécies em comunidades herbáceas tropicais, que poderiam ser usados para a escolha de locais prioritár...

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“…Une réduction plus rapide et drastique est obtenue par étrépage (Marrs, 1985 ;Sansen & Koedam, 1996). De nombreux nutriments (spécialement N, P et K) sont concentrés dans les 4 cm superficiels du sol (Marrs, 1993 ;Pywell et al, 1994). L'étrépage a été utilisé avec succès dans la restauration de landes plus sèches dans de nombreux pays européens (Werger et al, 1985 ;Dupieux, 1998 ;Mitchell et al, 1999).…”

Section: A Effet De L'étrépageunclassified

“…Une manière de diminuer la disponibilité en nutriments consiste à étréper la couche superficielle du sol (Werger et al, 1985 ;Marrs, 1985 ;Sansen & Koedam, 1996). Ce traitement est drastique et son effet sur la disponibilité en nutriments ou la quantité restante de graines viables est inconnue (Marrs, 1993 ;Dupieux, 1998). Le but de ce travail est donc d'estimer les effets d'un étrépage jusqu'aux horizons minéraux sur la composition floristique de landes tourbeuses ardennaises.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Effets be l'étrépage pour la restauration de landes tourbeuses en haute belge

Jacquemart¹,

Sloover²

2008

Acta Botanica Gallica

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Résumé.-En 1989, la restauration par étrépage de landes tourbeuses dégra-dées et envahies par Molinia caerulea a été entreprise en haute Ardenne belge. Des relevés de végétation ont été effectués en 1989 et en 1998. L'étrépage a un effet bénéfique en diminuant le couvert de la molinie et en augmentant celui des espèces typiques des landes tourbeuses telles que Juncus squarrosus, Carex panicea, Erica tetralix, Trichophorum cespitosum et Narthecium ossifragum. L'étrépage a également permis le retour d'espèces rares comme Drosera rotundifolia et Lycopodiella inundata. Les résultats obtenus par analyse de la banque de diaspores sont également discutés. Mots clés : landes tourbeuses dégradées -étrépage -Molinia caerulea.Abstract.-Vegetation restoration was attempted in a degraded wet heath overgrown by Molinia caerulea in High Ardenne (Belgium). Top peat-removal was applied in spring 1989 and the vegetation was recorded, in 1989 and 1998, using the Braun-Blanquet method. Top peat-removal had a pronounced and beneficial effect, decreasing the cover of Molinia caerulea and increasing the cover of typical wet heath species (Juncus squarrosus, Carex panicea, Erica tetralix, Trichophorum cespitosum, Narthecium ossifragum). Peat removal also promoted the re-establishment of rare species like Drosera rotundifolia and Lycopodiella inundata. The results of diaspore bank are presented.

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Soil Fertility and Nature Conservation in Europe: Theoretical Considerations and Practical Management Solutions

Cited by 248 publications

References 86 publications

Aboveground environment type, soil nutrient content and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi explain establishment success of Centaurea jacea on ex-arable land and in late-successional grasslands

Aboveground environment type, soil nutrient content and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi explain establishment success of Centaurea jacea on ex-arable land and in late-successional grasslands

Soil chemical factors and grassland species density in Emas National Park (central Brazil)

Effets be l'étrépage pour la restauration de landes tourbeuses en haute belge

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