Soil Conservation Techniques in Oil Palm Cultivation for Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

Currently, many have been concerned with the oil palm cultivation since it may also put land resources in danger and bring about environmental damage. Poor practices in managing agricultural land very often occur due to the inadequate knowledge of soil conservation. Application of soil and water conservation is to maintain the productivity of the land and to prevent further damage by considering land capability classes. This research was aimed at obtaining soil and water conservation techniques which are the most appropriate and optimal for oil palm cultivation areas based on land capability classes which can support sustainable oil palm cultivation. Several soil conservation techniques had been treated to each different class III, IV, and VI of the studied area. These treatment had been performed by a standard plot erosion. The results showed for the land capability class III, Cover plants + Manure was able to control runoff, erosion and reduce leaching of N (LSD P≤0,05), in which soil conservation produced the lowest erosion (3,73t/ha), and N leaching (0,25%). On land capability class IV, Sediment Trap + cover plants+ manure was able to control runoff, erosion and reduce organic C and P leaching (LSD P≤0,05), in which soil conservation produced the lowest runoff (127,77 m 3 /ha), erosion (12,38t/ha), organic C leaching (1,14 %), and P leaching (1,28 ppm). On land capability class VI, there isn't significant effect of soil conservation, but Bench Terrace + cover plants +manure has the lowest runoff, erosion and soil nutrient leaching.

Skenario Konservasi Tanah pada Perkebunan Sawit sebagai Upaya Mitigasi Limpasan Permukaan pada DAS Arui, Kabupaten Manokwari, Papua Barat

“…Implementasi rehabilitasi hutan dan lahan dengan penanaman vegetatif dan sipil teknis memberikan respons limpasan permukaaan dan hasil sedimen yang menurun (Auliyani 2020;Triasary et al 2021). Tanah pada sawit dikonservasi bersama-sama dengan terasering, tanaman disusun secara barisan, tanaman penutup tanah dan serasah mampu Mengendalikan limpasan dan kehilangan tanah (Satriawan et al 2017). Menurut Asbur & Ariyanti (2017) konservasi tanah pada sawit menggunakan tanaman penutup tanah dan teras gulud dapat meningkatkan cadangan karbon dan bahan organik tanah.…”

“…Mulsa dapat berasal pelepah sawit dan bungkil sawit, dan sampah organik dari pabrik sawit menambah bahan organik tanah. Satriawan et al (2017) berpendapat bahwa konservasi tanah pada perkebunan kelapa sawit melalui pemanfaatan mulsa dan tanaman penutup tanah mampu mengendalikan aliran permukaan dan erosi. Kompos (bahan organik) berperan dalam meningkatkan ketahanan struktur tanah, memperbesar kemampuan tanah untuk menyerap dan menahan air hujan yang jatuh, dan menambah unsur hara (Arsyad 2010).…”

Impact of Changes in Climate and Land Use on the Future Streamflow Fluctuation: Case Study Merangin Tembesi Watershed, Jambi Province, Indonesia

“…Impact due to the climate change is difficult to mitigate and therefore adaptation strategies are more appropriate. On the other hand, impact due to the land use changes especially those related to the plantation expansion can be mitigated by implementing good agricultural practices (Satriawan et al, 2017).…”

Conservation Design and Scenario for Flood Mitigation on Arui Watershed, Indonesia

“…As Indonesia's second-biggest foreign exchange contributor after the oil and gas industry, the palm oil industry gains special attention from the government. This is because the palm oil industry and its derivatives have played an important role as the source of income for the plantation workers (Satriawan et al, 2017). Even so, palm oil plantation development should indeed not ignore the ecosystems since ignorance might eventually lead to flooding in the future.…”

“…Conservation techniques on palm oil plantation had been previously practised. According to Satriawan et al (2017) the particular technique relates to soil conservation with a combination of ground cover plants and dirt. This technique can fairly control both runoff and erosion, in addition to decrease the washing of nutrients.…”