Abstract:Inceptsoils have high aluminum contents, and amendments are required to ensure a satisfactory crop development. Liming is efficient in neutralizing Al 3+ , but when applied to the topsoil its action is restricted to the surface layers, and sometimes lime incorporation into the soil is recommendable. However, tillage may negatively alter physical soil properties. Thus, gypsum could be an alternative to increase Ca ) and incorporated into the soil by plowing and light harrowing. Gypsum was applied to the subplot… Show more
“…In general, liming effects are limited to the specific areas where the material is applied or incorporated for several reasons, including low solubility (Shainberg et al 1989) and soil texture. Pöttker and Ben (1998), Alleoni et al (2005), and Bortolanza and Klein (2016) demonstrated that after 3, 2.5 and 11 years the main effects of surface-applied lime to weathered soils under NT were limited to depths of 5, 10 and 5 cm, respectively (table 5). The trials described by those authors, as well as our field trial which was conducted under high annual precipitation (1500-mm) and with high lime rates (7.2 Mg/ha), were conducted on soils with high clay content (57%), and therefore increased resistance to lime movement (Conyers et al 2003).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Since lime moves very slowly into the soil profile, continued surface applications can cause chemical stratification (Bortolanza and Klein 2016, Martínez et al 2016, Barth et al 2018. Surface liming increases soil pH to levels above the optimum for crop growth (Fageria 2009) Excess lime can also affect soil biology (Paradelo et al 2015, Barth et al 2018).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Surface lime application is suggested as the best practice to alleviate soil acidity under NT, but its effects throughout the soil profile are unclear. Several studies have shown that surface-applied lime can mitigate soil acidity to a depth of 20 cm or more, thereby maximizing crop productivity (Caires et al 2008, Joris et al 2013, Caires et al 2015, but others have shown very slow lime migration and minimal effects below 10 cm (Conyers et al 2003, Godsey et al 2007, Bortolanza and Klein 2016, Barth et al 2018. Factors influencing lime migration through the soil profile include the amount applied, time between application and planting, quantity of precipitation after liming, soil texture, soil mineralogy, lime type and particle size, and degree of soil compaction (Blevins et al 1978, Farina et al 2000, Godsey et al 2007, Caires et al 2015.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since lime is relatively insoluble, surface application may not be effective for ameliorating subsoil acidity (Shainberg et al 1989) and neutralizing Al toxicity (Ernani et al 2004, Godsey et al 2007, Kirkegaard et al 2014, Santos et al 2018, Barth et al 2018 in NT fields. If lime does not move downward into the soil profile under NT, continued surface applications can cause significant increases in pH and nutrient concentrations in the nearsurface layer (i.e., 0 to 3 cm) over time (Kirkegaard et al 2014, Bortolanza and Klein 2016, Nunes et al 2017a, Barth et al 2018. Excessive accumulation of lime within the topsoil can promote chemical stratification, increase surface soil pH, and decrease availability of cationic micronutrients such as Cu, Mn, and Zn (Tahervand and Jalali 2017) within the soil profile.…”
Applying lime is a fundamental practice for abating acidity in highly weathered soil, but better management strategies for no-till systems are needed to prevent surface pH elevation with little to no subsurface effects. This study was conducted to quantify chemical changes within the soil profile in response to lime and straw applications under both greenhouse and field conditions. Four controlled environment experiments (soil columns) and one field study were conducted on soils classified as Rhodic Hapludox and Rhodic Eutrodox. The soil column experiments evaluated four lime rates (0, 3.9, 7.8, or 15.6 Mg ha −1 ) and four straw rates (0, 4, 12 and 16 Mg ha −1 ) either individually or in combination. Lime treatments were surface applied or incorporated in the top 5-cm, while straw treatments were incorporated in the top 5-cm. In the field, lime rates of 0, 8.3 and 33.2 Mg ha −1 were incorporated into the 0 to 10-cm depth in both a soybean [Glycine max] monoculture and diversified cropping system with white oat (Avena sativa), soybean, black oats (Avena strigosa), corn (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Both field and soil columns studies showed minimal lime movement into the soil profile with chemical changes being limited to 2.5-cm below where it was applied or incorporated regardless of cropping system. Surface application of high lime rates promoted chemical stratification resulting in dramatic increases in topsoil pH and exchangeable Ca and Mg levels with minimal mitigation of subsurface soil acidity. Other studies also suggest that lime movement into the soil profile can vary depending on the experimental condition. Therefore, additional investigations across a wider geographic area, greater range of weather and climatic conditions, methods and rates of lime application need to be conducted to improve lime recommendation for high weathered soil managed using no-till practices.
“…In general, liming effects are limited to the specific areas where the material is applied or incorporated for several reasons, including low solubility (Shainberg et al 1989) and soil texture. Pöttker and Ben (1998), Alleoni et al (2005), and Bortolanza and Klein (2016) demonstrated that after 3, 2.5 and 11 years the main effects of surface-applied lime to weathered soils under NT were limited to depths of 5, 10 and 5 cm, respectively (table 5). The trials described by those authors, as well as our field trial which was conducted under high annual precipitation (1500-mm) and with high lime rates (7.2 Mg/ha), were conducted on soils with high clay content (57%), and therefore increased resistance to lime movement (Conyers et al 2003).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Since lime moves very slowly into the soil profile, continued surface applications can cause chemical stratification (Bortolanza and Klein 2016, Martínez et al 2016, Barth et al 2018. Surface liming increases soil pH to levels above the optimum for crop growth (Fageria 2009) Excess lime can also affect soil biology (Paradelo et al 2015, Barth et al 2018).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Surface lime application is suggested as the best practice to alleviate soil acidity under NT, but its effects throughout the soil profile are unclear. Several studies have shown that surface-applied lime can mitigate soil acidity to a depth of 20 cm or more, thereby maximizing crop productivity (Caires et al 2008, Joris et al 2013, Caires et al 2015, but others have shown very slow lime migration and minimal effects below 10 cm (Conyers et al 2003, Godsey et al 2007, Bortolanza and Klein 2016, Barth et al 2018. Factors influencing lime migration through the soil profile include the amount applied, time between application and planting, quantity of precipitation after liming, soil texture, soil mineralogy, lime type and particle size, and degree of soil compaction (Blevins et al 1978, Farina et al 2000, Godsey et al 2007, Caires et al 2015.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since lime is relatively insoluble, surface application may not be effective for ameliorating subsoil acidity (Shainberg et al 1989) and neutralizing Al toxicity (Ernani et al 2004, Godsey et al 2007, Kirkegaard et al 2014, Santos et al 2018, Barth et al 2018 in NT fields. If lime does not move downward into the soil profile under NT, continued surface applications can cause significant increases in pH and nutrient concentrations in the nearsurface layer (i.e., 0 to 3 cm) over time (Kirkegaard et al 2014, Bortolanza and Klein 2016, Nunes et al 2017a, Barth et al 2018. Excessive accumulation of lime within the topsoil can promote chemical stratification, increase surface soil pH, and decrease availability of cationic micronutrients such as Cu, Mn, and Zn (Tahervand and Jalali 2017) within the soil profile.…”
Applying lime is a fundamental practice for abating acidity in highly weathered soil, but better management strategies for no-till systems are needed to prevent surface pH elevation with little to no subsurface effects. This study was conducted to quantify chemical changes within the soil profile in response to lime and straw applications under both greenhouse and field conditions. Four controlled environment experiments (soil columns) and one field study were conducted on soils classified as Rhodic Hapludox and Rhodic Eutrodox. The soil column experiments evaluated four lime rates (0, 3.9, 7.8, or 15.6 Mg ha −1 ) and four straw rates (0, 4, 12 and 16 Mg ha −1 ) either individually or in combination. Lime treatments were surface applied or incorporated in the top 5-cm, while straw treatments were incorporated in the top 5-cm. In the field, lime rates of 0, 8.3 and 33.2 Mg ha −1 were incorporated into the 0 to 10-cm depth in both a soybean [Glycine max] monoculture and diversified cropping system with white oat (Avena sativa), soybean, black oats (Avena strigosa), corn (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Both field and soil columns studies showed minimal lime movement into the soil profile with chemical changes being limited to 2.5-cm below where it was applied or incorporated regardless of cropping system. Surface application of high lime rates promoted chemical stratification resulting in dramatic increases in topsoil pH and exchangeable Ca and Mg levels with minimal mitigation of subsurface soil acidity. Other studies also suggest that lime movement into the soil profile can vary depending on the experimental condition. Therefore, additional investigations across a wider geographic area, greater range of weather and climatic conditions, methods and rates of lime application need to be conducted to improve lime recommendation for high weathered soil managed using no-till practices.
“…The action of limestone on soil pH-related improvements is already known due to the increase in OHin soil solution caused by the reaction of calcium carbonate with water, which contributes to the reduction in exchangeable Al activity and increases in Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ contents, promoting the development of the root system and, consequently, improvement in the absorption of the supplied nutrients, which is the most effective action in the most superficial soil layers. Bortolanza;Klein (2016) and Crusciol et al (2016) found an increase in topsoil pH after calcium carbonate application, which is related to the efficiency of the action in the topsoil due to its low mobility rate in the soil. Shamshuddin & Fauziah (2010) found results similar results to those found in this work.…”
The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the chemical attributes of the soil caused by the use of limestone associated or not to with gypsum in no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted on a dystrophic Yellow Latosol in Pará state, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in split plots with three replications. The treatments consisted of five doses of limestone (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 t ha -1 ), with and without gypsum (0, 0.5 and 1 t ha -1 ). Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm. There was a significant effect on the analyzed variables at both depths. The doses of 3.64 and 2.19 t ha -1 of limestone associated with 0.5 t ha -1 of gypsum, were responsible for the largest increase in soil calcium content in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm layers, respectively. The highest increase in Ca + Mg content was found at 3.63 t ha -1 limestone combined with 0.5 t ha -1 gypsum. It was observed that 3.13 t ha -1 of limestone combined with 0.5 t of gypsum increased soil CEC. The 2.89 t ha -1 dose of limestone combined with 0.5 t of gypsum contributed to the increase in base saturation (V%). The use of limestone and gypsum Journal of Agricultural Studies 364 promotes soil chemical conditions, as reflected by increased corn yield when compared with control (no treatment) plots.
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