Soil and sediment contamination by unsubstituted and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an informal e-waste recycling area, northern Vietnam: Occurrence, source apportionment, and risk assessment

Hòa, Nguyễn Thị; Anh, Hoang Quoc; Tue, Nguyen Minh; Trung, Nguyễn Thành; Da, Le Nhu; Quy, Trần Văn; Huong, Nguyen Thi; Suzuki, Go; Takahashi, Shin; Tanabe, Shinsuke; Thuỳ, Phạm Châu; Dau, Pham Thi; Viet, Pham Hung; Tuyến, Le Huu

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135852

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…However, fingerprint profiles of PAHs in both soil and sediment showed that the main source of contamination was pyrogenic rather than petrogenic, indicating that e-waste burning was likely to be the main contributor. The cancer risk assessment carried out by Hoa et al [114] also indicated that the risk was significantly higher in e-recycling sites than in the nearby area, but still it did not exceed the threshold limit value, indicating acceptable levels.…”

Section: Soilmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, the concentrations of specific PAH compounds (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene) exceeded the permissible concentrations, implying a risk of ecotoxicological effects [114]. Four studies focused on China, a country with intensive e-recycling activity [115,[118][119][120].…”

Section: Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest levels were found in acid washing and plastics burning workshops followed by open dumpsites reporting similar PAH congeners profiles for both sites. Hoa et al[114] determined PAHs levels in soil of various e-recycling workshops, a nearby paddy field and river sediment from a nearby village in Vietnam.Similar soil contamination in open burning and dismantling workshops was observed and…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…all correlating with proximity to e-waste open burning and increased oxidative stress, which indicates DNA damage. Multiple source of evidence showing concentrations in soil[114,[118][119][120] and evidence of selective uptake in plants[115,120]. Evidence of very high concentrations in air from two studies[52,105], however no assessment of carcinogenic or noncarcinogenic risk was carried out.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal deconstruction, open burning and disposal of e-waste without pollution control: A systematic review of risks to occupational and public health

Cook¹,

Velis²,

Gerassimidou³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The critical functionality provided by the informal e-waste recycling sector to the global circular economy is marred by the hazardous emissions from this practice when it is carried out under informal and unregulated conditions in the Global South. Here, we focus a systematic review (PRISMA) of evidence specifically on rudimentary thermal processing activities that are carried out to disassemble and recover metals bonded into the complex assemblies and composites of electrical and electronic products and items. We identified main combinations of hazard-pathway-receptor (H-P-R) associated with exposure to risk and ranked them to indicate severity and prioritise research needs and interventions. Two practices, open burning and heating/melting/roasting are highly efficient in comparison to mechanical disassembly of many components and materials, presenting a challenge for actors who want to discourage them. Yet, these activities result in significant and very serious potential health effects as evidenced by 48 references screened and critically assessed. Though a large body of research exists that report observations of potentially hazardous substances in environmental media and human bodies, there is an abject paucity of reliable or even indicative data to indicate the scale of the e-waste processing activity. Moreover, the concentrations measured in almost all studies suffer from a multiplicity of confounding activities, creating challenges regarding identifying the activity source. System level interventions should be designed to effectively mitigate the risk, whilst rapidly transitioning to low-risk processing with effective pollution abatement in place and safe systems of work.

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Section: Soilmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal deconstruction, open burning and disposal of e-waste without pollution control: A systematic review of risks to occupational and public health

Cook¹,

Velis²,

Gerassimidou³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Moreover, Singh also explained that there are risks to human health arising from several hazardous pollutant compounds that are the result of recycling from electronic waste such as Hg, Cr, and Pb [7]. Apart from the empirical studies presented in the description above that focus on the effects of selected health effects with exposure to certain pollutants, it is almost certain that there are potential sources of pollution caused by electronic waste recycling activities that are not environmentally friendly [11], [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment on Failure Factors of e-waste Management Process Using FMEA Method

Rimantho

Noor

Eriyatno

et al. 2020

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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Utilization of electronic products expansion dramatically in recent decades throughout the globe. Faster technological evolution is one of the causes of the high use of electronic products and makes the product obsolete rapidly. Therefore, this encourages the potential for various risks and becomes one of the problems in the sustainability of environmental management. Moreover, risk factors study in the process of managing e-waste has not been done. Therefore, this study will analyze the risk of e-waste management factors using the Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) approach. Several important information regarding the risk factors of the e-waste management process were collected using literature studies, interview methods, and fishbone diagrams. The risk factors were arranged in the form of questionnaires distributed to five respondents from various fields such as academics, the ministry of environment, the sanitation department, non-governmental organizations. The respondents were asked to provide a risk assessment based on expertise and professionalism. The result shows that several highest RPN values such as manual technology (729), number of technologies (729), legal compliance (729), and recycling costs (729). At the same time, other factors are still in the medium and low category. Thus, risk evaluation in the e-waste management process is focused on the highest risk category. Furthermore, this research can be an approach to evaluating risk management from electronic waste in DKI Jakarta-Indonesia and other developing countries. Further studies to improve the results of this research need to be carried out that will be useful for further action in the future.

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Unsubstituted and Methylated PAHs in Surface Sediment of Urban Rivers in the Red River Delta (Hanoi, Vietnam): Concentrations, Profiles, Sources, and Ecological Risk Assessment

Hoang

Takahashi

et al. 2021

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Soil and sediment contamination by unsubstituted and methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an informal e-waste recycling area, northern Vietnam: Occurrence, source apportionment, and risk assessment

Cited by 37 publications

References 86 publications

Thermal deconstruction, open burning and disposal of e-waste without pollution control: A systematic review of risks to occupational and public health

Thermal deconstruction, open burning and disposal of e-waste without pollution control: A systematic review of risks to occupational and public health

Risk Assessment on Failure Factors of e-waste Management Process Using FMEA Method

Unsubstituted and Methylated PAHs in Surface Sediment of Urban Rivers in the Red River Delta (Hanoi, Vietnam): Concentrations, Profiles, Sources, and Ecological Risk Assessment

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