Sodium-Based Dual-Ion Battery Based on the Organic Anode and Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

Abstract

Combining the advantages of dual-ion batteries (DIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), we herein develop a superior sodium-based dual-ion battery (Na-DIB) based on the PTCDA organic anode and ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte. The system shows the highest specific discharge capacity of 177 mAh g −1 at 0.5C and excellent capacity retention over 100% at 2C after 200 cycles. Notably, even at an ultrahigh rate of 20C, the battery still maintains a considerable capacity of 60 mAh g −1 with a coulombic efficiency (CE) close to 100 and 94% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. Moreover, the self-discharge of the system has been investigated and shown to have an extremely low value of 0.18% h −1 . Consequently, this work presents an excellent Na-DIB system, which could be a promising candidate for large-scale applications.

High Discharge Capacity and Ultra-Fast-Charging Sodium Dual-Ion Battery Based on Insoluble Organic Polymer Anode and Concentrated Electrolyte

“…Importantly, clear charge−discharge platforms are maintained even at high rates, and the charge transfer impedance (Rct) represented by the arc in the high-frequency region of the EIS spectrum shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing (Figure 3c), which improves the transport kinetics of Na + and facilitates the fast rate capability, displaying rapid ion diffusion kinetics. 61 Furthermore, the curves for different cycle numbers at 1 C basically overlapped with two pairs of smooth charge and discharge platforms (Figure 3d), indicating a stable cyclic performance and a relatively weak polarization. Figure 3e shows the corresponding cyclic performance diagram with an ISDC of 227.6 mAh g −1 , which increases continuously to 265.5 mAh g −1 after 250 cycles.…”

“…CE is also improved to ∼100% due to the shortened charge/discharge time, and the SDC is even higher than the initial value when the rate returns to 5 C, indicating an excellent rate capability (Figure b). Importantly, clear charge–discharge platforms are maintained even at high rates, and the charge transfer impedance (Rct) represented by the arc in the high-frequency region of the EIS spectrum shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing (Figure c), which improves the transport kinetics of Na + and facilitates the fast rate capability, displaying rapid ion diffusion kinetics . Furthermore, the curves for different cycle numbers at 1 C basically overlapped with two pairs of smooth charge and discharge platforms (Figure d), indicating a stable cyclic performance and a relatively weak polarization.…”

Quinone Electrode for Long Lifespan Potassium-Ion Batteries Based on Ionic Liquid Electrolytes

“…Due to the overall amorphous state of the electrode, the characteristic peaks at 1345 and 1589 cm –1 represent the D-band and G-band of carbon black, while the characteristic peaks of P5Q overlap with the D-band peaks. The value of I D / I G was a slight variation throughout the discharging/charging process, even greater than 1, which may be attributed to the carbon black, which provided a well path for the transport of K + within the electrode …”

“…The value of I D /I G was a slight variation throughout the discharging/charging process, even greater than 1, which may be attributed to the carbon black, which provided a well path for the transport of K + within the electrode. 43 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to further analyze the potassium storage process of P5Q, and the results are presented in Figures 3 and S4. In the highresolution C 1s spectrum, the peak of C�O (287.6 eV) is the carbonyl group of the pristine P5Q cathode, while C−O (285.3 eV) may be mainly contributed by the conductive carbon additive.…”

Unraveling the Role of Aromatic Ring Size in Tuning the Electrochemical Performance of Small-Molecule Imide Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…However, the low stability and dissolution problems limit further applications of small-molecule carbonyl compounds. Up to date, solutions to the dissolution problem included the use of high-concentration electrolytes, , salt formation, and the use of ionic liquid electrolytes. , According to previous literature, another important reason for the instability is that the radical intermediate is unstable and may react with the electrolyte. , Therefore, regulating and stabilizing the radical intermediates are vital to solve the stability of small-molecule carbonyl compounds. However, there are only few studies that report the regulation of radical intermediates.…”