Sociodemographic determinants and clinical risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity: a cross-sectional analysis of over 200,000 patients in Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background Defining socio-demographic factors, clinical presentations and underlying diseases associated with COVID-19 severity could be helpful in its management. This study aimed to further clarify the determinants and clinical risk factors of the disease severity in patients infected with COVID-19. Methods A multi-centre descriptive study on all patients who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 in the province of Tehran from March 2020 up to Dec 2020 was conducted. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, comorbidities, and the health outcomes of 205,654 patients were examined. Characteristics of the study population were described. To assess the association of study variables with the disease severity, the Chi-Squared test and Multiple Logistic Regression model were applied. Results The mean age of the study population was 52.8 years and 93,612 (45.5%) were women. About half of the patients have presented with low levels of blood oxygen saturation. The ICU admission rate was 17.8% and the overall mortality rate was 10.0%. Older age, male sex, comorbidities including hypertension, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases other than asthma, chronic liver diseases, chronic kidney diseases, chronic neurological disorders, and HIV/AIDS infection were risk markers of poor health outcome. Clinical presentations related with worse prognosis included fever, difficulty breathing, impaired consciousness, and cutaneous manifestations. Conclusion These results might alert physicians to pay attention to determinants and risk factors associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. In addition, our findings aid decision makers to emphasise on vulnerable groups in the public health strategies that aim at preventing the spread of the disease and its mortalities.

Assessing Predictive Factors of COVID-19 Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (Brazil)

“…Furthermore, hyperglycemia, found in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes [30], and glycolysis promote SARS-CoV-2 replication and cytokine production in monocytes, resulting in T cell dysfunction and epithelial cell death [31]. In this sense, considering the predictor 'age', the results agree with previous findings [18,19] which point to a higher prevalence of comorbidities with advancing age (such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases) [32].…”

Assessment of Dependency-Associated Financial Burden of Covid-19 Mortalities

“…The family income has been assessed to be inversely proportional to number of COVID-19 cases as evidenced by observed COVID-19 confirmed cases and COVID-19 deaths against the criteria of income, poverty, and total population in various geographic zones by studying spatial distribution of variance [22]. It has been noted that the most vulnerable communication included old aged male with chronic non-communicable diseases while their prognosis worsened if they had breathlessness, consciousness levels changes, or skin manifestations [8,10,15,16,20,[23][24][25][26].…”

Post-traumatic stress symptoms in cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a one-year longitudinal study

“…Cancer patients may be particularly prone to develop PTSD symptoms due to a high baseline level of anxiety and depression in relation with their cancer diagnosis, 8 the potential modification of cancer management in response to the COVID-19 pandemic 9 , and a high risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19 infection. 10–12 Several studies in various types of cancer reported PTSD symptoms in patients during the first wave of the pandemic, with a prevalence ranging from 9% to 35%. 13–15 However, to our knowledge, there has been no longitudinal study to date following cancer patients over the different waves of the pandemic.…”