Assessing Predictive Factors of COVID-19 Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (Brazil)

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to search individual, sociodemographic and environmental predictors of COVID-19 outcomes. Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of 1036 COVID-19 confirmed patients (3–99 years, mean 59 years; 482 females) who sought treatment at the emergency units of the public health system of Diadema (Brazil; March–October 2020) was included. Primary data were collected from medical records: sex, age, occupation/education, onset of symptoms, presence of chronic diseases/treatment and outcome (death and non-death). Secondary socioeconomic and environmental data were provided by the Department of Health. Results: The mean time spent between COVID-19 symptom onset and admission to the health system was 7.4 days. Principal component analysis summarized secondary sociodemographic data, and a Poisson regression model showed that the time between symptom onset and health system admission was higher for younger people and those from the least advantaged regions (availability of electricity, a sewage network, a water supply and garbage collection). A multiple logistic regression model showed an association of age (OR = 1.08; 1.05–1.1), diabetes (OR = 1.9; 1.1–3.4) and obesity (OR = 2.9; 1.1–7.6) with death outcome, while hypertension and sex showed no significant association. Conclusion: The identification of vulnerable groups may help the development of health strategies for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Factors Associated With the Health and Economic Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Peruvian Textile Sector, 2020–2021

“…The factors associated with a higher probability of getting sick from COVID-19 among Gamarra workers were the infection of a family member, failure to comply with quarantine, foreign nationality, lack of sanitary services, and having a chronic disease in both the first and second waves. These findings are compatible with other studies conducted internationally (Oronce et al, 2020;Qiu et al, 2020;Amato et al, 2021;Doblhammer et al, 2021); however, these studies were conducted in the general population as the unit of analysis or with specific regions or areas of some countries. Some local studies have identified several factors related to increased mortality from COVID-19 (Hueda-Zavaleta et al, 2021;Yupari-Azabache et al, 2021).…”