Sociedade civil, estado e protagonismo institucional no desenvolvimento territorial:

Abstract

A região da Borborema/PB distingue-se por um notável protagonismo da sociedade civil organizada desde a década de 1990. O artigo apresenta uma breve descrição e análise das experiências sociais e institucionais ocorridas na região antes da criação do Território da Borborema, primeiro como território rural de identidade, depois como território de cidadania, que são indispensáveis para a compreensão das especificidades do protagonismo da sociedade civil local no processo de gestão do território. Além disso, examina e discute características relevantes da institucionalidade territorial e sugere alguns avanços e obstáculos presentes na institucionalização do processo de desenvolvimento territorial na Borborema. A B S T R A C TThe Borborema region, in a Brazilian Paraiba State (PB), is distinguished by a remarkable role of civil society since the 1990s. The present article is a brief description and analysis of social experiences and institutional changes in the region before the creation of the Borborema's Rural Territory, first as a rural Territory of Identity, then as a Territory of Citizenship, which are indispensable for understanding the specificities of the role of civil society placed in the process of territory management. Furthermore, the article examines and discusses relevant characteristics of the territorial institutionalities and points some breakthroughs and obstacles present in the institutionalization process of development in this territory.

Territorial Approach and Rural Development Challenges: Governance, State and Territorial Markets

“…It also represented the political construction of the Borborema Territory as a space for collective action (The analysis contained in this item is based on and adapted from: Delgado [34]. It was also supplemented by Petersen; Schmitt; Delgado and Zimmermann; Delgado; Diniz; Piraux and Bonnal; Miranda and Piraux; Silveira, Victor, Anacleto; Bonnal, Diniz, Tonneau, Sidersky; and Petersen and Silveira [33,35,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].) This took place at a time of marked crisis in regional agriculture and of renewal and strengthening of rural workers' unionism, which culminated in the creation of the Borborema Union Hub (The Hub is currently called, since 2001, the Hub for Unions and Borborema Family Agriculture Organizations) in 1998.…”

“…The network had a regional scope that goes beyond municipal limits, and which gave rise to the Agroecological Territory of the Borborema Hub (covering 14 municipalities). This organization helped promote the territory's social fabric and enabled collective learning, thus allowing for expanding participation in territorial government policy in Brazil (in 2003) [38].…”

“…In the Borborema region, this tension is clearly present and probably always will be. However, it was possible to circumvent it through institutional and social experimentalism and the construction of two aggregating ideas: "living with the Semiarid" and "agroecological territories" [35,38,39].…”

“…This continuous process of strengthening the social fabric and of political construction of the territory has increased the quality of social participation, strengthened the capacity of territorial actors in public accountability (in public decisions and public policies), democratized governance, and generated social technologies adapted to the territory [22,38]. This greater social protagonism shapes a two-way process: governance territorialization and social fabric strengthening in order to enhance the articulation of public policies, while public policy territorialization progressively strengthens participatory spaces and advances the implementation of the territorial project [38,47].…”