Social structural position and prejudice: an exploration of cross-national differences in regression slopes

Kunovich, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/s0049-089x(03)00037-1

Cited by 205 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The change in immigrant stock coincides with research that shows that rapid influxes in immigrants in an area tend to increase prejudice against immigrants [21,52]. On the other hand, the second finding cuts against much previous research that suggests that prejudice toward immigrants is likely to be reduced in places where the standard of living is high or rising [46,53].…”

Section: The Impact Of the Great Recessionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The first seems to be contrary to the competitive threat theory that contends that anti-immigrant sentiments are reduced when levels of affluence are increasing [46,53]. However, the second of these effects supports the rapid immigrant influx hypothesis that anti-immigrant sentiment increases when the immigrant population increases quickly in a short period of time [21,52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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The Impact of the Great Recession on Perceived Immigrant Threat: A Cross-National Study of 22 Countries

Kwak

Wallace

2018

Societies

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Abstract:In an increasingly globalized world, anti-immigrant sentiment has become more prevalent. Competitive threat theory suggests that anti-immigrant attitudes increase when adverse economic circumstances intensify competition with immigrants for scarce resources, but past studies using this approach are inconclusive. In this study, we investigate the impact of the Great Recession on perceived immigrant threat-an index of seven items measuring attitudes toward immigrants-using the 2013 International Social Survey Program survey. Using multilevel models, we analyze responses from 18,433 respondents nested within 22 countries. We create a country-level measure of the Great Recession Index comprised of four dimensions-the housing crash, the financial crisis, economic decline, and employment loss-and assess its impact on perceived immigrant threat. After controlling for a variety of individual-level and country-level covariates, we find that the Great Recession is positively associated with perceived immigrant threat. We also identify important interaction effects between the Great Recession Index and change in government expenditures, age, educational levels, citizenship, and urbanization. The study contributes to competitive threat theory by showing the effect of the Great Recession in exacerbating anti-immigrant sentiment.

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Section: The Impact Of the Great Recessionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

The Impact of the Great Recession on Perceived Immigrant Threat: A Cross-National Study of 22 Countries

Kwak

Wallace

2018

Societies

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“…In a disadvantaged economic context, indexed by high unemployment rates for example, competition for scarce resources such as jobs is likely to be greater than in an advantaged economic context. In line with this reasoning, Quillian (1995) showed across twelve European countries that poor economic conditions in a country increased immigrant prejudice over and above individual-level predictors (see also Green, 2009;Kunovich, 2004). With respect to country-level immigration patterns, the threat approach suggests that a high or increasing proportion of immigrants can elicit both perceived material and value threat.…”

Section: Extending Threat and Contact Approaches To A Contextual Levelmentioning

confidence: 81%

Migration and Multiculturalism

Green¹,

Staerklé²

2013

Oxford Handbooks Online

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"Multiculturalism has utterly failed", German Chancellor Angela Merkel declared inOctober 2010, "immigrants need to do more to integrate in German society". A few months later, in February 2011, British Prime Minister David Cameron also condemned his country's long-standing policy of multiculturalism as a failure, claiming that many young British Muslims were drawn to violent ideology because they found no strong collective identity in Britain. These two quotes from leading European politicians exemplify how migration and multiculturalism have become key issues in contemporary societies. Virtually all countries in the world need to deal with the steady flow of people crossing international borders that have made societies in our globalized world more and more diverse. Despite its contested nature as a normative model for organizing diversity in receiving societies, multiculturalism has become an inescapable reality to which countries need to adapt.This chapter is concerned with two major questions concerning migration and multiculturalism. First, it looks at the social and psychological processes at work in the migrant experience. Second, it deals with how members of receiving societies react to the increased and diversified immigrant presence in their societies. 1 Our review draws mainly upon research and theory in political and social psychology. Reflecting the diversity of classic and recent empirical work on migration and multiculturalism, we present research covering a Migration and multiculturalism 2 wide range of methodological approaches, including survey, experimental and qualitative studies. The chapter emphasizes how historical and political contexts affect the nature of intergroup relations between migrant groups and receiving societies. It furthermore highlights the role of widely shared social representations in processes of migration and multiculturalism, expressed in ideological belief systems, political discourse and everyday cultural repertoires. We argue that a political psychology perspective to migration and multiculturalism will gain from taking a interdisciplinary approach in which different levels of analysis-including individual, group and societal factors-are combined and articulated (Castles & Miller, 2009;Chryssochoou, 2004;Deaux, 2006;Verkuyten, 2005a).The chapter is organized in four parts. The first part outlines some historical benchmarks of modern migration and briefly presents two key notions of a psychological approach to migration-assimilation and multiculturalism-in their historical context. In a second part, we summarize empirical research that focuses on the psychological dynamics involved in the migrant experience, in particular the interactionist and complex nature of migrant identities, acculturation and adaptation in receiving societies, and intergroup approaches to acculturation and multiculturalism. The third part analyses the role of threat regarding immigrants and immigration in the reactions, attitudes and beliefs of majority populations in receiving societies. The...

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“…Kunovich (2004) finds that age has a positive effect on prejudice with older people displaying higher levels of prejudice (H2a). Political orientation naturally affects prejudice, and individuals with a right-wing political orientation are expected to be more prejudiced than those without (H3a).…”

Section: Sociodemographic Predictors Of Prejudicementioning

confidence: 96%

Level and change of group-focused enmity in Germany: unconditional and conditional latent growth curve models with four panel waves

et al. 2011

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In this study we investigate and explain the level and change of six elements of group-focused enmity (GFE; see Zick et al. 2008) in Germany between 2002 and 2006: racism, xenophobia, antiSemitism, homophobia, exclusion of homeless people and support for rights of the established. For the data analysis, a representative 4-year panel study of the adult non-immigrant German population collected during the years 2002-2006 is used, and the development of each GFE component is tested by using an unconditional second-order latent growth curve model (LGM) (with full information maximum likelihood, FIML). We find that the level of 5 of the 6 components (racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism, homophobia, exclusion of homeless people) displays an increase at the beginning of the observed period followed by a decrease. However, the sixth aspect, rights of the established, displays a continuous linear increase over time. The different developmental pattern stands in contrast to Allport's hypothesis (1954) for the strong link between the components and their development over time. We try to explain this different developmental pattern by several sociodemographic characteristics. This is performed by using a conditional second-order latent growth curve model. This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in the journal AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis 2011 95(4):481-500 following peer review. It was first published online in this journal on October 18, 2011. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online at: between the components and their development over time. We try to explain this different developmental pattern by several sociodemographic characteristics. This is performed by using a conditional second-order latent growth curve model.

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Social structural position and prejudice: an exploration of cross-national differences in regression slopes

Cited by 205 publications

References 47 publications

The Impact of the Great Recession on Perceived Immigrant Threat: A Cross-National Study of 22 Countries

The Impact of the Great Recession on Perceived Immigrant Threat: A Cross-National Study of 22 Countries

Migration and Multiculturalism

Level and change of group-focused enmity in Germany: unconditional and conditional latent growth curve models with four panel waves

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