Social Participation and Tourism Public Policy: The Brazilian Tourism Regionalization Program

Abstract

Issues of governance, collaboration, and participation are at the forefront of much tourism public management on finding new alternatives to tourism destinations development. This paper aims to diagnose the performance of social participation in the Brazilian Tourism Regionalization Program from 2004 to 2020. This research has a qualitative approach with data collected through bibliographic and documentary research covering 2004 to 2020. The data collected were analyzed according to categories defined by the literature. We analyzed eleven Tourism Regionalization Program documents and 13 specific published articles on tourism governance instances in the Tourism Regionalization Program. As a result, we observe that social participation went from a fundamental issue in 2004 to a prerequisite for integrating a tourist region in 2020. And they are now suppressed by the targeting of protagonism for the private sector. The

Challenges and successes in collaborative tourism governance: A systematic literature review

“…They connect the strategic planning across districts (e.g., cooperativeness tradition across local associations) and create cohesion (Gyimóthy & Meged, 2018). The collaboration network must pay serious attention to the long-term improvement of local livelihood by involving them either during the planning or in the implementation phase, such as training toward labor skills, the use of private property, or any other program to familiarize the locals with the collaboration purposes (Gyimóthy & Meged, 2018;Minasi et al, 2021). The role of a local participant at the national level is transformed to the regional level as the regional process is considered to have a closer relationship with the locals (Minasi et al, 2021).…”

“…The large-sized stakeholder representative's role is unclear, whether represented in local, regional, or national scope (Eckerberg et al, 2015). There is also linear miscommunication between the tourist regions (provincial level) and the central government agency (Minasi et al, 2021).…”

“…In the national context of collaboration, this likely occurs due to the lack of representatives in the cooperation. There is a lack of clear strategies in inviting and involving the locals (Minasi et al, 2021;Zeppel, 2012).…”

“…The shallow understanding of nature conservation is understood as an additional cost or the reduction of potential income rather than sustainable potential income in the distant future (Charlie et al, 2012). In the national context, a lack of understanding has occurred in federal organizations (Minasi et al, 2021). A further step resulting from a lack of shared vision is the detrimental effect of trust.…”

“…However, both papers agree on principled engagement from these two articles. There are significant barriers to the engagement process, as there is no specialized stakeholder representing the central government conducting risk assessment, project evaluation, and any strategic issues in each field in a comprehensive manner (Minasi et al, 2021;Zeppel, 2012). Other than that, only one point is stated differently from those two types of research.…”