Social Entrepreneurship in the Conduct of Responsible Innovation: Analysis Cluster in Mexican SMEs

Abstract

Responsible innovation combines philanthropic and economic aspects and it is common to refer to entrepreneurs who lead it as "social entrepreneurs". The present study of 100 Mexican SMEs, provides knowledge of exploratory nature about what the models of organization are conducive to SMEs in the generation and development of responsible innovations. Through the statistical technique of cluster analysis, this study identified and characterized four models of organization according to the level of social entrepreneurship reached: (1) “The techno-scientific organization”, (2) “The techno-social organization”, (3) “The capitalist-social organization” and (4) “The capitalist organization”. While in Europe the dominant discourse about responsible innovation focuses on the control of the risk of social rejection of the advance of science and technology; in contexts such as the Mexican, the phenomenon is configured as the mechanism through which entrepreneurs articulate its technological and scientific capabilities to solve priority and specific problems of the society, however, the social impact does not crucially affect their business initiatives. The techno-scientific organization (50% of studied SMEs) is proposed as the model of organization with greater viability for Mexican entrepreneurs.

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“…However, this is recognised as insufficient to ensure responsible actions in the long term. Responsible innovation, in particular within small and medium enterprises, requires ‘additional motivations apart from desire and feasibility of the change, empathy with social needs and a sense of morality’ (Bahena-Álvarez, Cordón-Pozo, & Delgado-Cruz, 2019, p. 14). These can be enthusiasm in developing a business in a responsible manner, technological and academic abilities, or the support from entrepreneurial or social networks to inspire creativity and development of innovations (Bahena-Álvarez, Cordón-Pozo, & Delgado-Cruz, 2019).…”

“…Responsible innovation, in particular within small and medium enterprises, requires ‘additional motivations apart from desire and feasibility of the change, empathy with social needs and a sense of morality’ (Bahena-Álvarez, Cordón-Pozo, & Delgado-Cruz, 2019, p. 14). These can be enthusiasm in developing a business in a responsible manner, technological and academic abilities, or the support from entrepreneurial or social networks to inspire creativity and development of innovations (Bahena-Álvarez, Cordón-Pozo, & Delgado-Cruz, 2019). At the same time, novel resource combinations which comprise factors such as equity, research and development cooperation, networks, industry knowledge and reputation can facilitate the responsible innovation process within enterprises (Halme & Korpela, 2014).…”

“…Social enterprises, due to the combination of philanthropic and economic outcomes, are considered one of the institutional types which focus on responsible innovation (Bahena-Álvarez, Cordón-Pozo, & Delgado-Cruz, 2019). In addition, social entrepreneurs' inclination for responsible innovation, according to the dimensions explained in Table 2, is anecdotally and empirically evident.…”

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